Conversational languge=nonfluent

language comprehension=relatively normal

repetition=abnormal

pointing=relatively normal

naming=abnormal

reading aloud=abnormal

reading comprehension=relatively normal

writing=abnormal

Broca's Aphasia:

Reading

-Reading comprehension is better than reading aloud.

-In reading aloud, the same defects of spontaneous language are observed

Conversational language= fluent

language comprehension= abnormal

repetition= abnormal

pointing= abnormal

naming= abnormal

reading aloud= abnormal

reading comprehension= abnormal

writitng= abnormal

motor system= normal

articulation= normal

cortical sensory function= normal

praxis= normal

visual field= normal or superior quadrantopsia

visual gnosis= normal

Language symptoms in Wernicke's Aphasia

-normal fluency

-excessive language

-paraphasias

-paragrammatism: overuse of grammatical elements

-decreased meaningful words

-"empty speech"

can be:

-Phonological

-Verbal: when damage occurs posteriorly towrds the temporal occipital area

neologisms

jargonaphasia

Language understanding difficulties in Wernicke's Aphasia

-if we increase the amount of words in speech, results in more severe language understanding defects

-changes in conversation topic decreases understanding

-defects in phoneme discrim and defects in memory

handwriting is normal and so is speed.

-lots of substitution of letters/words

-verbal paragraphias

-neologisms

-jargonagraphia: patient writes and writes and what he/she is writing makes no sense

Conduction Aphasia

damage in the parietal-insular area

-supramarginal gyrus of the left hemisphere

1) fluent, but paraphasic conversational language

2) comprehension is almost normal

3) significant impairments in repetition (cannot repeat)

1) defects in naming

2) reading defects

3) variable writing dificulties (apraxic agraphia)

4) ideomotor apraxia

5) Neurological abnormalities

Language Characteristics of Conduction Aphasia

conversational language= fluent, paraphasic

language comprehension= good to normal

repetition= abnormal

pointing= good to normal

naming= abnormal

reading aloud= abnormal

reading comprehension= good to normal

writing= abnormal

-succesive approaches to the target word

-self corrects

-in spontaneous speech, language is better, but in repetition, language is severely impaired

-afferent motor agraphia

-defect in writing may be so severe that the patient simply cannot write

...is Language repetition defects

Arcuate Fasciculus/

Disconection syndrome

-pathway connecting broca's area and wernicke's area

-responsible for the ability to repeat

-this pathway is impaired/damaged