Vascular Disorders

Traumatic Head Injury

Neoplasms

Infection

Degenerative Conditions

Prevcalence of Aphasia

Cerebro Vasular disease refers to any impairment in the normal brain function due to any pathological condition of the blood vessels: walls of the vessels, accumulation of materials, changes in permeability or rupture.

A type of cardio-cascular disease

-affects the arteries that lead to and within the brain

-blocked by a clot, or a burst

-part of the brain cannot get the blood and oxygen that it needs and starts to die

Clot: obstructs the flow of blood to the brain

Rupture/burst: blood vessel ruptures and prevents flow of blood to the brain

Occlusive (ischemic)

2 types:

Thrombosis: occlusion of a vessel from a clot attached to an overgrown vessel wall

Embolsim: occlusion of a vessel by material floating in arterial system

Bleeding into the cerebral tissue

-subarachnoid hemorrhage

-intracerebral hemorrhage

-arteriorvenous malformations

TBI occurs when sudden trauma causes damage to the brain

-symptoms can be mild, moderate or severe depending on the extent of the damage

-may remain conscious or may experience a lost of consciousness for a few seconds or a few minutes

-headache, confusion, lightheadedness, dizziness, blurred vision, change in sleep patterns, trouble with memory, attention, thinking, etc

1) produce a direct damage to the brain

2) interrupt cerebral blood flow

3) cause hemorhages and hematomas

4) produce swelling

5) cause possible infection

6) epilectic focus

Closed: concussion and contusion

Open: fracture of the skull, rupture of the meninges and the brain is penetrated

A bruise of the brain.

-it appears on the crowns of the gyri and can extend into the white matter.

-old contusions may appear brownish

depends on:

-age

-severity

-duration of amnesia

Dysarthria in 1/3 of the cases (mixed dysarthria)

-sub clinical aphasia: word finding problems and problems with complex sentences

Primary Brain Tumor

Begin in the brain, rather than starting somewhere else and spreading to the brain

*cause is unknown

Metastatic Brain Tumor

-tumors occuring in the language areas of the brain will present with aphasic like symptoms

-the slower the growing, the milder the symptoms

An infection appears when the body is invaded by a pathogenic microrganism.

-Infectious agents include viruses, bacterias, fungus, and parasites

can affect the brain tissue because:

-interefere with the cerebral blood flow

-alters metabolic capacity of the cells, or the characteristics of the cell membrane, changing its electric properties