Term
|
Definition
| selective impairments of specific processes can occur; yet stroke rarely affects only one area or process; patients with identical lesions may have varying aphasia profiles |
|
|
Term
| Classification Reliability |
|
Definition
| low within and across clinicians; patient can test differently across multiple days |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Broca's, Transcortical Motor, Little Broca's, Global |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wernicke's, Conduction, Transcortical Sensory, Anomic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Speech and Writing-non-fluent, agrammatic
Aud. comp and reading-mostly preserved (some breakdowns)
Repetition-impaired
Physical Symptoms-R hemparesis, R hemianopia, apraxia
Lesion location-Broca's (BA 44) and surrounding cortical areas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| relatively rare affecting small circumscribed area of Broca's; acutely mute, hemiparesis; good recovery over time |
|
|
Term
| Transcortical Motor Profile |
|
Definition
Speech and Writing-non-fluent output, acutely mute, hypophonic, echolalic
aud. comp and reading-relatively well preserved
Repetition-relatively intact
physical symptoms-possible R lower hemiparesis or motor involvement
lesion location-deep frontal or anterior or superior to Broca's (anterior watershed; ACA) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| severe impairment across domains with many physical symptoms; major stroke to most or all of perisylvian language zones |
|
|
Term
| Physical Impairments in Global Aphasia |
|
Definition
| R hemiparesis, R sensory loss, hemianopia, limb apraxia, dysarthria, apraxia of speech |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
speech and writing-fluent, paragrammatic
aud. comp and reading-impaired
repetition-impaired
physical symptoms rare (possible quadrant visual cut)
lesion location-posterior Wernicke's
possible decreased awareness of deficits |
|
|
Term
| Two variants of Wernicke's |
|
Definition
Primarily temporal lobe lesion-reading less impaired, single word recognition worse than recognition of words in context
posterior lesion (angular/supramarginal)-reading deficits and comprehension worse in context than simple words |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
speech and writing-fluent (less than Wernicke's)
aud. comp and reading-minor deficits
repetition-impaired (hallmark)
physical symptoms-unlikely
lesion location-arcuate fasciculus
frequent phonemic paraphasias and self-correction affecting fluency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
speech and writing-periodic WFD, few grammatical errors
aud. comp-relatively spared
repetition-relatively spared
physical symptoms-rare
lesion location-varies
breakdowns occur with stress or during complex task completion
easy to miss |
|
|
Term
| Transcortical Sensory Profile |
|
Definition
speech and writing-fluent, paragrammatic, echolalic (possibly)
aud. comp and reading-severely impaired
repetition-area of strength
physical symptoms-mild hemianopia if any
lesion location-posterior watershed (between PCA and MCA) |
|
|
Term
| Transcortical Mixed Profile |
|
Definition
Resembles global; very rare; typical after anoxic event; repetition relatively intact, receptive and expressive deficits; possible right side
physical symptoms; damage to anterior AND posterior watershed areas |
|
|
Term
| Subcortical Aphasia-Left Thalamic lesion (hemorrhagic) |
|
Definition
speech and writing-fluent, hypophonic, semantic paraphasias
aud. comp and reading-relatively unimpaired
repetition-relatively unimpaired
physical-right hemiplegia
lesion location-posterior pulvinar nuclei of left thalamus
transient with good recovery (death likely acutely) |
|
|
Term
| Subcortical Aphasias-Left Thalamic lesion (ischemic) |
|
Definition
speech and writing-non-fluent with phonemic paraphasias
aud. comp and reading-impaired
repetition-relatively unimpaired
phsyical-right hemiplegia
lesion location-ventral and anterior thalamus (tuberothalamic artery) |
|
|
Term
| Subcortical Aphasias-Anterior capsular/putamenal |
|
Definition
speech and writing-reduced phrase length, initiation deficits, dysarthria; good grammar
aud. comp and reading-good
repetition-relatively intact
physical-right hemiplegia |
|
|
Term
| Subcortical Aphasias-Posterior capsular/putaminal |
|
Definition
speech and writing-fluent, paragrammatic
aud. comp and reading-poor
repetition-poor
physical-right hemiplegia |
|
|
Term
| Subcortical Aphasias-global capsular/putamial |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deterioration for at least 2 years; isolated problem; any profile; symptom, not disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Unusual cerebral dominance (R handed, RH stroke=aphasia); any profile |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transient aphasia occurring during seizures that affect the perisylvian area (temproal lobe); result in WFD and comprehension deficits |
|
|
Term
| Cortical/Neurogenic Stuttering |
|
Definition
| acquired stuttering; disfluencies affect #__ and V_V phones, substantives and functors across all tasks with no 2dary behaviors or adaptation effect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disorder of execution of learned movements unaccounted for by weakness, incoordination, sensory loss or impaired comprehension/attention; know the sounds but cannot produce |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inconsistent articulatory errors, groping for articulatory postures, errors in place |
|
|
Term
| Hierarchy of breakdown in AOS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| impaired ability to draw or make geometric configurations |
|
|
Term
| Pure Alexia (Alexia without agraphia) |
|
Definition
| deficits only seen during reading; relatively rare; affected by word length and impaired ability to sound out words=slow reading (can interpret if spelled aloud b/c deficit only in visual domain) |
|
|
Term
| Lesion location for Pure Alexia |
|
Definition
| small posterior lesion to primary or visual association cortex in occipital lobe; PCA |
|
|
Term
| Concomitant symptoms of pure alexia |
|
Definition
| right hemianopia, acalculia, inability to identify colors, occasional naming problems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| grapheme to phoneme conversion problem (cannot attach sound to letter); compensate through use of whole word reading (often results in semantic or derivational errors); difficulty with functors; inability to read non-words; increased performance with HFreq and concrete words |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| phoneme to grapheme conversion errors (cannot match letter to sound); rely on sounding out words to compensate; phonological errors likely; difficulties with atypical spellings, can read nonwords |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| very rare; purely deficits in writing; associated with damage to supramarginal gyrus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no spoken errors, but reading and writing deficits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can't detect meaning in spoken word (discrimination and comprehension errors); cannot repeat; some patients compensate with lip reading; environmental discrimination preserved |
|
|
Term
| lesion location for pure word deafness |
|
Definition
| bilateral lesion to primary auditory or auditory association cortex; puretone thresholds WNL |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cannot make out letters at all; bilateral lesions to visual cortex (primary or association) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Don't know"; typically the result of bilateral damage to association cortex for that modality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no understanding of visual information; cannot apply meaning or label to stimuli; can present like a paraphasia (discriminate by presenting in another modality) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inability to comprehend heard stimuli (both speech and environmental); no meaning in sounds, just noise |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Collection of symptoms seen post LH parieto-occipital lesion: acalculia, finger agnosia, right left disorientation (body and environment), agraphia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can result from lesions in any location; severity mirrors that of aphasia, cannot match written number word to symbol and deficits in determining magnitude |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inattention (usually to R side stimuli for aphasics); more common and enduring following RH lesion (left neglect), so often not evaluated in aphasics; can perceive stimuli, just don't attend to them; common across multiple modalities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| affects reading because patient doesn't see the right side of a word |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any response which is either repeated or continued beyond the point of completion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| recurrent response withing a task, though not every response; most common type of perseveration seen in aphasics |
|
|
Term
| stuck in set perseveration |
|
Definition
| problems shifting to a new set or task, more common with frontal lobe involvement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| continued focus on a single topic, idea, or theme, commonly seen in those with dementia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| common across domains: alertness/arousal, sustained attention, selective attention, attention switching, divided attention, resource allocation |
|
|
Term
| executive function disorders |
|
Definition
| inability to carry out complex, high level or goal directed activities, which affects ability to live independently, problem solve and to self monitor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| self-awareness deficits (don't know you don't know); affects perception of strengths and weaknesses or recognition for need of tx; can lead to behavior issues (paranoia, agitation) due to poor comprehension; may be affected by emotional denial of deficits |
|
|
Term
| cognitive affect on recovery |
|
Definition
| worse prognosis and increased tx time when cognitive deficits present; always evaluate during dx in order to factor into prognosis; affects planning for tx/candidacy for certain tx (esp. use of compensatory strategies) |
|
|
Term
| Grieving Process (5 stages) |
|
Definition
| Kubla-Ross (1969): Denial/isolation, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance/adaptation |
|
|
Term
| Psychological Problems following stroke |
|
Definition
| fear, fatigue, anxiety/stress, depression, feeling of loss of control, sleep disturbances, frustration/embarrassment, aggression, catastrophic reaction |
|
|
Term
| RH v LH damage for emotional complications |
|
Definition
Depression more common following LH damage
Indifference more common following RH damage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Impairment-structure and function
Activity-impairment in ability to do certain things
Participation-restrictions in carrying out desired ADL
Environmental factors-external factors that help or impede recovery and performance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Marital problems (stress, sexual changes, role reversal); higher risk for psychological problems (esp. if aphasia dx); female caregiver higher risk; initial assessment not predictive of 6 mo. post |
|
|
