Term
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Definition
Chapey (2001)
- “Able to speak in spontaneous conversation without abnormal pauses, abundant nonmeaningful filler phrases, or long periods of silence…”
Rosenbeck (1989)
- Produce longer phrases (5 or more connected words)
Hegde (1998)…characterized by:
- Speech produced with minimal or no effort
- Normal or even increased rate of speech
- Flowing speech
- Easily initiated speech
- Normal amount of speech (100 to 200 wpm); may even be excessive- paraphasic, but with normal sounding prosody.
- Less effective or meaningful communication in spite of fluency
- Normal amount of speech (100 to 200 wpm); may even be excessive- paraphasic, but with normal sounding prosody.
- Less effective or meaningful communication in spite of fluency |
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Term
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Definition
aka…Receptive Aphasia
General Characteristics:
- Least controversial classification of aphasia (Chapey, 1994)- an actual diagnostic category.
- Typically…absence of paresis or paralysis (appears “normal”)
- Usually normal right visual function
- Often poor(er) appreciation of communication deficits |
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Term
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Definition
aka..Central Aphasia, Repetition Aphasia
General Characteristics:
•Controversial classification of aphasia
•Rare 5-10% of patient with aphasia Dx with this (Hegde, 1999)
•Varying presentations of motor involvement:
-Some without hemiparesis
-Some with R-sided face and UE weakness (mild-severe)
•Concomitant oral and limb apraxia may be evident
•R sensory impairment may be evident |
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Term
| Transcortical Sensory Aphasia |
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Definition
-aka…Extrasylvian Sensory Aphasia or Wernicke’s Aphasia Type II
-General Characteristics:
•Typically with initial hemiparesis that resolves (looks “normal” in chronic stage)
•Similar and often confused with Wernicke’s Aphasia
•Some patients have visual impairments
•Unilateral inattention is common (Hegde, 1999)
We have a pt that is fluent- echolalia
Good repetition- to the pt where they’re echolalic
Diagnostic criteria
Legions- look at broadman’s areas. |
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Term
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Definition
reduced rate of speech than normal speakers
Chapey (2001)
- “tend to have reduced rate of speech and to express less communicative content per unit of time than normal speakers do”
Rosenbeck (1989)
- Produce only single word utterances –or- short phrases (4 or fewer connected words)
Hegde (1998)…characterized by:
- Reduced speech rate (less than 50 wpm)
- Excessive speaking effort (struggle, facial grimaces, hand gestures, etc.)
- Limited phrase length
- Abnormal prosody
- Generally depressed amount of speech
- Speech initiated with notable difficulty
- Excessive use of content words (nouns and verbs) and omission of function words (grammatical words)
- Relatively successful communication despite reduced fluency |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Transcortial Motor Aphasia |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
•Anomic Aphasia
•Alexia
•Agraphia |
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Term
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Definition
Damasio (1981)
A disturbance of one or more aspects of
-Language comprehension
-Language formulation and expression
Darley (1982)
An impairment, as a result of brain damage, of the capacity for interpretation and formulation of language symbols, characterized by reading, writing and comprehension problems.
Schuell, Jenkins, Jimenez-Pabon (1964)
-A language deficit that crosses all modalities and may be complicated by other sequelae |
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Term
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Definition
Adding Cognition…
Chapey (1981)
An acquired impairment in language and the cognitive processes which underlie language caused by organic damage to the brain.
Davis (1993)
An acquired impairment of the cognitive system for comprehending and formulating language, leaving other cognitive capacities intact. |
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Term
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Definition
- Dementia
- Language of Confusion
- Schizophrenia
- Apraxia of Speech
- Dysarthria |
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Term
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Definition
Errors in speasking made by aphasic persons.
Unintended word or sound substitutions.
Having a paraphasia is not a diagnositic indicator
The majority of aphasias are |
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Term
| Semantic (Verbal) Paraphasia |
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Definition
Errors in which a speaker substitutes one word for another, such as saying "cup" for "glass".
another example- you wanna talk about a fork, and you say a spoon. The opps got the person into the file cabinet, but pulled out the wrong thing. We’re talking about a the sub of semantically related word. |
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Term
| Literal (Phonemic) Paraphasia |
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Definition
-errors in which a speaker substitutes one sound in a word for another such as saying "spomb" for "comb".
-addition of a sound or phoneme class- woman for wo man |
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Term
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Definition
word substituted is a completely made up word
There is no sound substitution pattern. |
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Term
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Definition
-Difficulty naming or finding correct words during verbal expression
-Typically seen to varying degrees across classifications
-Different types (e.g., word production anomia, word selection anomia, semantic anomia)- don’t worry about the different types.
-Confrontational Naming (what is this) easier than Word Fluency tasks (name as many animals as you can)
-Differential performance based on severity, type AND “independent variables” |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| AGRAMMATISM/TELEGRAPHIC SPEECH |
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Definition
•Does a patient have an absence or disordered manner.
•There is a disorder in the syntax
•It’s call agrammatism |
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Term
| Disordered Written Expression |
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Definition
•Common errors consist of:
-Poor letter and word formation
-Reverse, confuse and substitute letters
-Write non-sense words
-Errors in syntax and grammatical markers
What we see is that they have more impairments in written expression than verbal- they can get away with less formalization in normal writing. |
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Term
| How can you measure someone’s comprehension who has limited verbal output? |
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Definition
Assess verbal output
Some people will have apraxia with non fluent aphasia- language retrival is bad- mouth will grope- more of a mild non fluent, but prominent aphasia. |
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Term
| Disordered Auditory Comprehension |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| •Distinction typically made between ability to read aloud and reading comprehension…these aren’t necessarily connected |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Language Characteristics of Wernicke's Aphasia |
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Definition
| *Verbal Expression* - Fluent - Word Finding/Naming – Significantly Impaired •Paraphasias and neologisms •Circumlocution- when you’re talk circles around something. •Empty speech (substitution of general fillers…this, that, the, stuff, thing, etc.) that thing from here and then she was in that here there. Repetition – Impaired •Degree may correspond to A/C deficits •Auditory Comprehension – Significantly Impaired •Written Expression - Impaired Degree typically corresponds to VE deficits (patterns parallel those in VE) •Reading Comprehension - Impaired |
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Term
| Neuroanatomical Bases of Wernicke's Aphasia |
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Definition
Typically results from occlusion in the posterior temporal and parietal branches of the MCA
Lesions often in:
•Posterior portion of superior temporal gyrus in LH (e.g., Wernicke’s area or “posterior language cortex” aka BM 22)
•May extend to:
Posterior region of the middle and inferior temporal gyrus (BM 37, 20, 21)
Surrounding, inferior parietal region
•Angular gyrus (BM 39)
•Supramarginal gyrus (BM 40) |
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Term
| Language Characteristics of Transcortical Sensory Aphasia |
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Definition
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Term
| Language Characteristics of Conduction Aphasia |
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Definition
Language Characteristics:
•Verbal Expression
-Variable Fluency
•More posterior lesions - more fluent
•More anterior lesions - less fluent
Word Finding/Naming – Impaired
•Paraphasias and neologisms (typically less frequent than other fluent aphasias)
•Empty speech
-Repetition – Significantly Impaired AND disproportionate to other impairments
•Repetitions may have phonemic paraphasia
•Repetition difficulties follow “independent variables”
•Patient may be able to use a word spontaneously, but can’t repeat it
•Auditory Comprehension – Normal-to-mildly impaired (for complex only)
•Written Expression – Commonly Impaired
Typically limited to writing a few words, letters
Spelling errors, substitutions, reversals evident
•Reading Comprehension – Variable
Typically they can not read aloud, but have good comprehension |
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Term
| Neuroanatomical basis for |
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Definition
Neuroanatomical Bases
(Hegde, 1999)
Typical case results from lesion in:
• Supramarginal gyrus (BM 40) only…and arcuate fasiculus
BUT, also reported with lesions in:
• L auditory cortex (BM 41, 42) and insula
• Insula only |
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