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| produced by humans & nature (CO, CO 2 , SO 2 , NO, hydrocarbons, particulates) |
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| sources include burning fossil fuels and car exhaust. Effects include reduced visibility, respiratory irritation. Methods of reduction include filtering, electrostatic precipitators, alternative energy) |
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| Secondary pollutant, NO 2 + UV 1 NO + O; O + O 2 1 O 3 , with VOCs. O3 causes respiratory irritation and plant damage. Reduced by reducing NO emissions and VOCs |
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| (SO x ) Primary source is coal burning. Primary and secondary effects include acid deposition, respiratory irritation, plant damage. Reduction methods include: scrubbers, burn low sulfur fuel |
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| (CO 2 ) Sources include the combustion of fossil fuels. Effects: greenhouse gas- contributes to global warming. Reduction accomplished by increased fuel efficiency (gas mileage), mass transit (reduction |
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| caused by CFCs, methyl chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, halon, methyl bromide all of which attack stratospheric ozone. Negative effects of ozone depletion include increased UV, skin cancer, cataracts, and decreased plant growth |
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| Most significant: H 2 O, CO 2 , methane (CH 4 ), CFCs. Trap outgoing infrared energy (heat) causing earth to warm |
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| a vital process, required for life to exist on Earth. If accelerated, bad, leads to global warming |
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| Effects of Global Warming |
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| rising sea level (due to thermal expansion not melting ice), extreme weather, droughts (famine), and extinctions |
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| steam, from water boiled by fossils fuels or nuclear energy, or falling water is used to turn a generator |
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| Petroleum (Crude Oil) Formation |
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| microscopic aquatic organisms in sediments converted by heat & pressure into a mixture of hydrocarbons |
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| cheap, easily transported, high-quality energy. Cons: reserves depleted soon, pollution during drilling, transport and refining, land subsidence, burning oil produces CO 2 |
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| prehistoric plants buried un-decomposed in oxygen-depleted water of swamps/bogs converted by heat and pressure |
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| peat, lignite, bituminous coal, anthracite coal |
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| PCBs (Polychlorinated Biphenyls) |
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| Stable, long-lived, carcinogenic chlorinated hydrocarbons. Produced by the electronics industry |
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| Multiple Use Public Lands |
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| National Forest & National Resource lands |
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| Moderately Restricted Use Public Lands |
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| Restricted Use Public Lands |
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| National Parks & National Wilderness Preservation System |
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| published Silent Spring in 1962; documented the environmental damage done by DDT and other pesticides which heightened public awareness at the start of the modern environmental movement |
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| founded Sierra Club in 1892; fought unsuccessfully to prevent the damming of the Hetch Hetchy Valley in Yosemite National Park |
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| first chief of the US Forest Service; advocated managing resources for multiple use using principles of sustainable yield |
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| wrote A Sand County Almanac published a year after his death in 1948; promoted a "Land Ethic" in which humans are ethically responsible for serving as the protectors of nature |
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| the idea that economic improvement for the world's poorest populations is possible without devastating the environment |
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| to measure the demands placed on nature by individuals and nations. A simple questionnaire of 16 items gives a rough estimate of your personal footprint |
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