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| The total of all the different species that live in a certain area |
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| The place where a population or an individual organism normally lives |
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| Large ecological regions with characteristic types of natural vegitation and distinctive animals |
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| The most important factor in determining which biome is found in a particular area |
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| High quality energy is constantly |
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| becoming low quality energy |
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| Not an abiotic limiting factor |
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| In a range of tolorence, each population has a point beyond which no member of the poulation can live. The area beyond the ability to tolorate these conditions. |
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| Organisms that feed only on plants |
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| Organisms that complete the final breakdown and recycling of organic materials from the remains of all organisms |
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| Each trophic level in a food chain or food web contains a certain amount of organic matter |
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| the typical percentage of loss of energy in transfers from one trophic level to the next |
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| Has the least new primary productivity (NPP) |
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| the diversity that enables life on earth to adapt and survive enviromental changes |
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| a species way of life in a community |
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| Larger islands closer to a mainland have the highest number of species |
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| true of species richness on islands |
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| An ecological niche does not include |
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| the place where the species live |
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| A species with a broad niche is considered a |
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| not an example of a cause for the decline of amphibians |
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| What a species in an ecosystem that plays a central role in the health of that ecosystem, and whose removal may cause the collapse of the ecosystem is called |
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| Is said to occur when an interaction benifits one species but has little, if any, effect on the other |
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| is said to occur when one organism feeds on the body of, or the energy used by, another organism |
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| competitive exclusion principle |
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| The concept that two or more species cannot share the exact same ecological niche for an extended period |
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| not a method prey species use to avoid capture |
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| Plants such as bromeliads share a commensalism interaction with large trees in trophical and subtropical forests. what the bromeliads are an example of |
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| population dynamics is the study of the way populations differ to one another in certain characteristics. This is not one of the characteristics |
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| The biotic potential of a population |
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| the maximum reproductive rate of a population |
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| the one-way movement of individuals out of a population to another area |
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| not one of the age structure categories |
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| the intrinsic rate of increase (r) |
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| the rate at which a population would grow with unlimited resources |
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| The maximum population of a given species that a prticular habitat can sustain indefinetely without being degraded |
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| typically is Exponential growth followed by a steady decrease in population growth until the population size levels off |
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| indicated by when plotting the number of individuals in a population against time the data yeild a j-shaped curve |
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| not true of a r-selected species |
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| offspring are large in individual size |
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| are generally less adaptable to change than r-strategists |
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| The ability of living system to survive moderate disturbances |
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| Ecosystems and global systems have limits to the stress they can take. The level beyond which any additional stress will cause an abrupt and unpredictable change |
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| All life is based on the power of the sun |
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| Most producers capture sunlight to produce energy-rich carbohydrates through photosynthesis |
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| Transfer of energy threw food chains or webs is very efficient, making a lot of energy avaliable to organisms |
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| Gross primary productivity (GPP) is the biomass produced by photosynthesis minus the rate at which biomass is used for aerobic respiration |
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| Biodiversity is a vital part of the natural capital that sustains all life. |
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| Long-term climate changes determine where plant and animal species can survive |
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| Humans are playing a decreasing role in the process of extinction |
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| Estimates indicate the average annual background extinction rate is one to five species for each million species on earth |
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| All nonnative species are villians |
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| Amphibians are sensitive to changes in the enviroment and their decline suggests a decline in the enviromental health of the earth |
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| Keystone species have a large effect on the types and abundances of other species in an ecosystem |
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| The most common interaction between species is commensalism |
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| In predator-prey relationships, the predator is seeking food for itself and its offspring, while the prey is seeking not to become food for the predator. As a result, predator and prey populations exert tremendous natural selection pressures on each other. |
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| Species whose ecological niches overlap will be in competition for whatever the resource is in the overlap |
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| There are always limits to population growth in nature |
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| No population can grow indefinetely because of limitations on resources |
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| When a population reaches its carrying capacity, the population's biotic potential gradually declines to a consistent value slightly greater than the orginal |
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| A population's growth rate will increase as the population reaches its carrying capacity |
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| An example of top-down population regulation in predator-prey species is pedation |
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| In most populations, individuals of species live together in clumped distribution pattern |
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