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| all living and non living things that humans interact with |
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| interdisiplinar study of how humans interact with the environment of living and nonliving things |
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| study of how organisms interact with their environment and each other |
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| a group of organisms with distinctive traits and if sexually reproducing organisms, they can mate and reproduce fertile offspring. |
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| a set of organisms interacting with one another and with their environment of non living matter and energy within a defined area or volume |
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| a social movement deticated to protecting the earth's life support systems for us and all other forms of life; more political than scientific |
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| is the ability of the earth's various natural systems and human cultural systems and economies to survive and adapt to changing environmental conditions indefinately. |
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| a major component of sustainability; the natural resources and natural servicesthat keep us and other forms of life alive and support our economies. |
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| are materials and energy in nature that are essential or useful to humans; renewable/nonrenewable |
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| functions of nature such as purification of air and water which support life and human economies. |
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| the circulation of chemicals necessary for life from the environment through organisms and back to the environment |
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| energy from the sun; fuels all food chains/webs |
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| the renewable resources such as plants, animals, and soil provided by natural capital. |
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| Gross Domestic Product (GDP) |
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Definition
| the annual market value of all goods and services produced by all firms and organizations, foreign and domestic, operating within a country |
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| the GDP divided by the total population at midyear |
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| Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) |
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Definition
| used to compare currencies |
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| a measure of the amount of goods and services that a country's average citizen could buy in the USA |
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Definition
| using economic growth to improve living standards (based of degree of industrialization) |
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Definition
| have high populations and population growth; very low income where GDP PPP is declining |
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Definition
| Have high per capita GDP PP and are industrialized |
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| Environmentally Sustainable economic developement |
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Definition
| involves using political and economic systems to discourage environmentally harmful and unsustainable forms of economic growth that degrade natural capital and encourage environmentally beneficial and sustainable forms of economic developement |
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Definition
| anything we can obtain from the environment that can meet our needs and wants. |
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| the management of natural resources with the goal of minimizing resource waste and sustaining resource supplies for current and future generations |
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Term
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Definition
| like solar energy; will last continuously and is renewed continuously until the sun goes out in 6 billion years |
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Term
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Definition
| cna be replenished fairly quickly through natural processes as long as it is not used up faster than it is renewed |
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Term
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Definition
| the highest rate at which a renewabl resource can be used indefnately without reducing its available supply. |
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| Environmental Degradation |
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Definition
| when we use a resource faster than the replenishment rate and the resource supply shrinks |
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| 3 types of property/resource right |
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Definition
1. Private Property
2. Common Property
3. Open Access renewable resources |
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Definition
| exist in a fixed quantity or stock in earth's crust; can only be renewed on long term scales; deplete faster than they are formed |
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Definition
| materials like copper/aluminum can be reused over and over in the same form |
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Definition
| collecting waste materials to be crushed and melted to make new products out of the same material |
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Definition
| the amount of biologically productive land and water needed to supply the people in a particular area with resources and to absorb and recycle the wastes and pollution produced by such resource use |
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| Per Capita Ecological Footprint |
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Definition
| average footprint of an individual in a given area |
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Definition
| the whole of a society's knowledge, beliefs, technology and practices |
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| Important Cultural Revolutions |
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Definition
1. Agricultural -> grow own food and dometicate animals
2. Industrial/medical -> machines for mass production; harvesting fossil fuels
3. Information/globilization -> rapid access to information
4. Environmental/sustainabilty -> desired rev. ; live sustainably and reduce footprints |
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Term
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Definition
| anything in the environment that is harmful to the health, susrvival, or activities of humans and other organisms |
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Definition
| single, identifiable sources (ex: smoke stack) |
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Definition
| dispersed, difficult to identify (ex: wind blown pesticides) |
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Term
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Definition
1. Biodegradable: harmful materials that can be broken down by natural processes
2. Nonderadable: harmful materials that natural processes cannot break down |
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Term
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Definition
1. Disrupt lif support systems for humans and other species
2. Damage wildlife, human health, and property
3. Create nuisances: unpleasant noise, tastes, smells, sights etc. |
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| Pollution Cleanup/output pollution control |
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Definition
| involves cleaning up or diluting pollutants after they have been produced |
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| Pollution prevention/input pollution control |
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Definition
| reduces or eliminates the production of pollutants |
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| 5 Basic Causes of Environmental Problems |
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Definition
1. population growth
2. wasteful/unsustainable resource use
3. failure to include harmful environmental costs of goods and services in market prices
4. poverty
5. insufficient knowledge of how nature works |
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Term
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Definition
| when people are unable to meet their basic needs for adequate food, water, shelter, health, and education |
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| extreme materialism which is the impetus for accumulating wealth and for overconsumption of goods; also, feelings of guilt and isolation from the dysfunctional pursuit of wealth and goods |
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| a set of assumptions and values reflecting how you think the world works and what you think your role in the world should be |
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Definition
| our beliefs about what is right and wrong involving how we treat the environment |
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| Planetary Managment world view |
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Definition
| we are separate from the nature, nature exists mainly to meet our needs and increasing wants and that we can use our ingenuity and technology to manage earth's life support systems for our benefit indefinately |
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Term
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Definition
| we can and shold manage the earth for our benefit but we ahve an ethical responsibility to be caring and responsible managers or stewards of the earth. |
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| Environmental Wisdom World View |
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Definition
| we are a part of and totally dependent on nature and that nature exists for all species, not just us; encourages earth sustaining forms of growth and development |
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Definition
| getting people with different views and values to lsiten to each other and find common ground to help work to solve environmental and other problems. |
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| 4 Principles of Sustainability |
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Definition
1. Reliance on solar energy- sun warms planet and fuels photosynthesis which feeds the food chains
2. Biodiversity- variety of organisms, genes, ecosystems and natural sevices made for adaptations to a changing earth
3. Population control- competition for resources among species limits how large a population can grow
4. Nutrient Cycling- natural processes recycle chemicals needed for life in many plants and animals (no waste is produced) |
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