Term
| First Law of Thermodynamics |
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Definition
| energy is neither created nor destroyed, but may beconverted from one form to another |
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Term
| Second Law of Thermodynamics: |
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Definition
| 1. when energy is changed from one form to another,some useful energy is always degraded into lower quality energy (usually heat) |
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Term
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Definition
| removal of dissolved materials from soil by water moving downwards |
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Term
Parts of the hydrologic cycle: |
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Definition
| evaporation, transpiration, runoff, condensation,precipitation, infiltration |
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Term
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Definition
| because atmospheric N cannot be used directly by plants it must first be converted into ammonia by bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| decomposers covert organic waste into ammonia |
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Term
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Definition
| ammonia is converted to nitrate ions (NO-3) |
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Term
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Definition
| inorganic N is converted into organic molecules such as DNA/aminoacids & proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria convert ammonia back into N |
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Term
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Definition
| does not circulate as easily as N because: it does not exist as a gas, but isreleased by weathering of phosphate rocks |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to meet humanities current needs without compromising theability of future generations to meet their needs |
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Term
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Definition
| plants convert atmospheric C (CO2) into complex carbohydrates(glucose C6H12O6) |
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Term
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Definition
| oxygen consuming producers, consumers & decomposers breakdown complex organic compounds & convert C back into CO2 |
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Term
| Largest reservoirs of Carbon: |
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Definition
| carbonate rocks first, oceans second |
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Term
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Definition
| large distinct terrestrial region having similar climate, soil, plants & animals |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of individuals that can be sustained in an area |
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Term
R Strategist v K Strategist |
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Definition
R strategist: reproduce early, many small unprotected offspring K strategist:reproduce late, few, cared for offspring |
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Term
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Definition
| when a change in some condition triggers a response that intensifies the changing condition (EX: warmer Earth - snow melts - less sunlight isreflected & more is absorbed, therefore warmer earth) |
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Term
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Definition
| said human population cannot continue to increase. Consequences will be war, famine & disease |
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Term
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Definition
rule of 70 70 divided by the percent growth rate |
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Term
Replacement level fertility: |
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Definition
| the number of children a couple must have to replacethemselves (2.1 developed, 2.7 developing) |
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Term
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Definition
| almost 6 1/2 billion US Population: 299 million |
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Term
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Definition
| birth & death rates high, population grows slowly, infantmortality high |
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Term
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Definition
| death rate lower, better health care, population grows fast |
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Term
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Definition
| decline in birth rate, population growth slows |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| (broad base, rapid growth)(narrow base, negativegrowth)(uniform shape, zero growth) |
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Term
1st & 2nd most populated countries: |
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Definition
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Term
| Most important thing affecting population growth: |
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Definition
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Term
Ways to decrease birth rate: |
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Definition
| family planning, contraception, economic rewards &penalties |
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Term
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Definition
| when a changing in some condition triggers a response that Counteracts the changed condition (EX: warmer earth - more ocean evaporation - more Stratus clouds - less sunlight reaches the ground - therefore cooler Earth |
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Term
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Definition
| (Examples: H2O, CO2, O3, methane (CH4), CFC’s) (EFFECT:they trap outgoing infrared (heat) energy causing earth to warm |
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Term
Effects of global warming: |
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Definition
| rising sea level (thermal expansion), extreme weather,droughts (famine), extinctions |
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Term
Ozone depletion caused by: |
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Definition
| CFC’s, methyl chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, halon,methyl bromide all of which attack stratospheric ozone |
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Term
Effects of ozone depletion: |
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Definition
| increased UV, skin cancer, cataracts, decreased plantgrowth |
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Term
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Definition
| species whose role in an ecosystem are more important than others,ex sea otter |
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Term
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Definition
| species that serve as early warnings that an ecosystem is beingdamaged ex trout |
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Term
Most endangered species share the following similarities (3) |
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Definition
| have a small range, require large territory or live on anisland |
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Term
Endangered species: (List examples) |
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Definition
| North spotted Owl (loss of old growth forest), Bald Eagle (thinning of eggs caused by DDT), Piping Plover (nesting areas threatened bydevelopment) |
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Term
Garret Hardin & The Tragedy of the Commons: |
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Definition
| Freedom to breed is bringing ruin toall. Global commons such as atmosphere & oceans are used by all and owned by none |
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Term
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Definition
| controlling global warming by setting greenhouse gas emissionstargets for developed countries |
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Term
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Definition
| phase-out of ozone deleting substances |
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Term
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Definition
| identifies threatened and endangered species in the US, andputs their protection ahead of economic considerations |
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Term
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species: |
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Definition
| lists species that cannot becommercially traded as live specimens or wildlife products |
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