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Ape Hug Vocab Chp 4-6 mrs glos
Chapters 4-7
102
Geography
9th Grade
12/13/2009

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Term
Assimilate
Definition
to take in and utilize as nourishment
Term
custom
Definition
law or rule in different country
Term
cultural appropriation
Definition
adoption of some specific elements of one culture by a different cultural group
Term
neolocalism
Definition
residential pattern where a newly married couple lives independently in anew location
Term
Ethnic neighborhood
Definition
neighborhood, district, or suburb which retains some cultural distinction from a larger, surrounding area
Term
commodification
Definition
transformation of goods and services into a commodity
Term
Authenticity
Definition
truthfulness of origins
Term
distance decay
Definition
the effect of distance on cultural or spatial interactions
Term
Time space compression
Definition
processes that seem to accelerate the experience of time and reduce the significance of distance during a given historical moment.
Term
reterritorialization
Definition
restructuring of a place or territory that has experienced deterritorialization
Term
cultural landscape
Definition
properties uniquely representing the combined work of nature and of man
Term
placelessness
Definition
lacking a fixed location
Term
global local continuum
Definition
divide up the world into a number of different scales
Term
glocalization
Definition
different word for globalization and localization.
Term
folk housing regions
Definition
regions that contain houses built for cultural purposes
Term
diffusion routes
Definition
the spatial trajectory through which cultural traits or other phenomena spread
Term
culture
Definition
human knowledge, belief, and behavior that depends upon the capacity for symbolic thought and social learning
Term
folk culture
Definition
lifestyle of a culture
Term
popular culture
Definition
ideas of a given culture
Term
local culture
Definition
community built to human scale preserves itself and its place
Term
material culture
Definition
physical objects people have about their culture
Term
non material culture
Definition
nonphysical ideas people have about their culture
Term
heirarchical diffusion
Definition
form of diffusion in which an idea spreads by trickling down from larger to smaller adoption units
Term
hearth
Definition
distinctive set of culture traits, ideas and technologies develops and from which there is diffusion of those characteristic
Term
Animism
Definition
Belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life.
Term
Autonomous religion
Definition
Autonomous religion
Term
Branch
Definition
A large and fundamental division within a religion.
Term
Caste
Definition
The class of distinct hereditary order into which a Hindu is assigned according to religious law.
Term
Cosmogony
Definition
set of religious beliefs concerning the origin of the universe.
Term
Denomination
Definition
A division of a branch that unites a number of local congregations in a single legal and administrative body.
Term
Diocese
Definition
The basic unit of geographic organization in the Roman Catholic Church.
Term
Ethnic religion
Definition
A religion with a relatively concentrated spatial distribution whose principles are likely to be based on the physical characteristics of the particular location in which its adherents are concentrated.
Term
Fundamentalism
Definition
Literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion
Term
Ghetto
Definition
During the Middle Ages, a neighborhood in a city set up by law to be inhabited only by Jews; now used to denote a section of a city in which members of any minority live because of social, legal, or economic pressure.
Term
Hierarchical religion
Definition
A religion in which a central authority exercises a high degree of control.
Term
Missionary
Definition
An individual who helps to diffuse a universalizing religion.
Term
Monotheism
Definition
The doctrine or belief of the existence of only one god.
Term
Pagan
Definition
A follower of a polytheistic religion in ancient times.
Term
Pilgrimage
Definition
A journey to a place considered sacred for religious purposes.
Term
Polytheism
Definition
Belief in or worship of more than one god.
Term
Sect
Definition
A relatively small group that has broken away from an established denomination.
Term
Universalizing religion
Definition
A religion that attempts to appeal to all people, not just those living in a particular location.
Term
Interfaith boundary
Definition
The boundaries between the world’s major faiths.
Term
Intrafaith boundary
Definition
The boundaries within a major religion.
Term
Religion
Definition
The service and worship of God or the supernatural.
Term
Secularism
Definition
A doctrine that rejects religion and religious considerations.
Term
Shamanism
Definition
Form of a tribal religion that involved community acceptance of a shaman, a religious leader, healer, and worker of magic who, through special powers, can intercede with and interpret the spirit world.
Term
Zionism
Definition
A worldwide movement, originating in the 19th century that sought to establish and develop a Jewish nation in Palestine. Since 1948, its function has been to support the state of Israel.
Term
Shintoism
Definition
Japans main religion, believes in two major gods
Term
Confucianism
Definition
chinese teachings of confucius
Term
Protestant
Definition
one of 4 major branches of christianity
Term
Shi'ite
Definition
region of middle east where major religion is Shi'a
Term
Sacred sites
Definition
sacred places in a religion
Term
Religious Extremism
Definition
When a person is at on with a religion
Term
Hinduism
Definition
major religion of India
Term
Taoism
Definition
variety of related topics such as philosophical and religious traditions and concepts that have influenced East Asia for over two millennia and the West for over two centuries
Term
Judaism
Definition
a set of beliefs and practices originating in the Hebrew Bible
Term
Christianity
Definition
a set of beliefs and practices originating from the bible
Term
islam
Definition
the religion articulated by the Qur’an
Term
Minarets
Definition
architectural features of Islamic mosques
Term
Shari'a laws
Definition
rules that islamic people should follow
Term
Jihad
Definition
religious duty of Muslims
Term
Buddhism
Definition
set of beliefs and practices from Buddha
Term
Feng Shui
Definition
ancient Chinese system of aesthetics believed to use the laws of both Heaven and Earth to help one improve life by receiving positive qi.
Term
Disapora
Definition
several forced expulsions of Israelites from what is now the states of Israel
Term
Eastern orthodox church
Definition
world's second largest Christian communion
Term
Sunni
Definition
largest branch of Islam
Term
Roman Catholic Church
Definition
world's largest Christian church
Term
Hajj
Definition
pilgrimage to Mecca
Term
Genocide
Definition
systematic destruction, in whole or in part, of an ethnic, racial, religious, or national group
Term
Religious Fundamentalism
Definition
belief in a strict adherence to a set of basic principles
Term
Language
Definition
What a place speaks
Term
standard language
Definition
particular variety of a language that has been given either legal status
Term
Dialects
Definition
variety of a language that is characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers
Term
Isogloss
Definition
specific type of language border
Term
Mutual intelligibility
Definition
relationship between languages in which speakers of different but related languages can readily understand each other without intentional study or extraordinary effort
Term
Dialect chains
Definition
range of dialects spoken across a large geographical area, differing only slightly between areas that are geographically close
Term
Language Families
Definition
group of languages related by descent from a common ancestor
Term
Subfamilies
Definition
major division of a language family
Term
Sound shift
Definition
a systematic change over time in the pronunciation of a set of sounds in a language
Term
Proto-Indo-European
Definition
unattested, reconstructed common ancestor of the Indo-European languages
Term
Backward reconstruction
Definition
techinique ued to track sound shifts back towards the original language
Term
Extinct Language
Definition
Language that is used no more
Term
Deep Reconstruction
Definition
Technique using the vocabulary of an extinct language to recreate the language that proceeded the extinct language
Term
Nostratic
Definition
proposed language family that includes many of the indigenous language families of Europe, Asia, Africa, and North America
Term
Language Divergence
Definition
2 languages spliting apart
Term
Language Convergence
Definition
2 languages combining
Term
Renfrew hypothesis
Definition
dispersal of Proto-Indo-Europeans originated in Neolithic Anatolia
Term
Conquest theory
Definition
idea that the proto-indo-european language family was spread through the conquest of neighboring states, and as they were conquered they adopted the conquering state's language
Term
Dispersal Hypothesis
Definition
how languages disperse
Term
Romance languages
Definition
branch of the Indo-European language family comprising all the languages that descend from Latin
Term
Germanic Language
Definition
group of related languages that constitute a branch of the Indo-European language family. coming from Germany
Term
Slavic Languages
Definition
group of closely related languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages
Term
Lingua Franca
Definition
language systematically used to communicate between persons not sharing a mother tongue
Term
Pidgin Language
Definition
simplified language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common
Term
Creole Language
Definition
stable language that originated from a mixture of various languages
Term
Monolingual States
Definition
places that only speak one language
Term
Multilingual states
Definition
places that speak more than one language
Term
Official Language
Definition
language that is given a special legal status in a particular country, state, or other territory
Term
Global Language
Definition
Language spoken in many parts of the world: English
Term
Place
Definition
a specific region
Term
toponym
Definition
name of a place
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