Term
| Describe signs of APD in adults |
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Definition
-inability to extract target sounds from noise, despite the ability to perceive sounds with adequate loudness
-Difficulty understanding speech even with normal hearing
-APD & peripheral hearing loss: pts report hearing problems that seem to be disproportionate for the degree of loss |
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Term
| Describe possible causes of APD in adults |
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Definition
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Term
Diffuse Changes in Brain Function Related to Aging:
-central effects of peripheral pathology-functional consequence: ___ & ___ incoming signals
-central effects of biologic aging of nervous system
structures-functional consequence: degraded auditory ___ |
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Definition
| attenuates; distorts; processing |
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Term
| Delineate a test battery to diagnose APD in adults |
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Definition
| WRS in quiet (PI-PB), PI-SSI, and DSI |
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Term
Masking Level Difference (MLD) Test:
-1st described by ___ & ___ (1948)
-tests lower ___ ___ function
-measures “___________” due to inter-aural phase relationships |
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Definition
| Hirsh; Licklider; brain stem; binaural release from masking |
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Term
Dichotic Sentence Identification (DSI) Test:
-Uses ___ sentences
-Uses ___ test condition: different sentence to each ear at the same time
-Administered in two different test ___ |
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Definition
| synthetic; dichotic; conditions |
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Term
| How do you administer the DSI? |
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Definition
| One sentence is presented to right ear and a different sentence is presented to the left ear. Present at 50 dB HL. If patient has loss increase intensity to 60 dB HL. The patient holds the list of sentences and tells you the sentence number they hear in a specific ear and then later in both ears. |
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Term
| What are the 2 test conditions of the DSI? |
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Definition
-Focused recall or DSI A: Ask pt to say # of sentence heard in a specified ear
-Free/divided recall or DSI B: ask pt to ID both sentences regardless of ear in which they are heard |
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Term
| How do you interpret the DSI? |
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Definition
| When both conditions are normal-normal auditory processing. When the divided attention is worse in one or both ears there could be a cognitive effect. If both conditions are abnormal then there is a true auditory difficulty |
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Term
Intrinsic & Extrinsic Redundancies:
-Central Auditory Nervous System (CANS) has ___ redundancies
-Speech signals have ___ redundancies |
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Definition
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Term
CANS Intrinsic Redundancies:
-Overlap in anatomical, biochemical, & physiologic functions
-Allows listeners to process ___ auditory signals at the same time & ____ signals from other senses too
-Nervous system can be changed significantly by a neurologic disorder & still keep ability to ___ information |
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Definition
| different; process; process |
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Term
Extrinsic Redundancies of Speech:
-Information from ___, syntactic, ___ content & rules
-Allows listeners to hear ___ of a speech segment & still understand what was said. May understand a sentence by only hearing a ___ words
-Increases as content of speech signal ___
◦ Continuous discourse
◦ Sentences
◦ Words
◦ Non-sense syllables |
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Definition
| phonologic; semantic; part; few; increases |
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Term
| Typically, we have to reduce the ___ redundancies of ___ to identify APD |
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Definition
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Term
MLD Principles-Release From Masking:
-Binaural thresholds in noise are measured (with ___ ___) for tones that are in ___ and ___ degrees out of phase
-Identical ___-frequency tones (in phase) are presented to both ears; then enough noise to ___ the tones is added to both ears
-Then if the phase of the tone to one earphone is ___, the tone becomes audible again
-Normal brainstem (at SOC) is good at detecting ___ differences between ears
-Release from masking shows how sensitive ears are to ___ or ___ cues |
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Definition
| Bekesy tracking; phase; 180; low; mask; reversed; timing; timing; phase |
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Term
Key Terms for MLD:
-___: signal presented in diotic condition. Binaural presentation with no interaural phase differences
-___: masking noise presented in diotic condition. Binaural presentation with no interaural phase differences.
-___: signal in both ears, but signal for one ear is 180° out of phase with signal to other ear |
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Definition
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Term
MLD – Overview:
-A 500 Hz interrupted tone is ___ & presented in phase to both ears
-NBN is presented at a ___ level (___ dB HL)
-Obtain thresholds with ___ ___ for the in-phase tones in presence of noise
-Then the phase of one of the tones is ___ & threshold is tracked again
-MLD = difference in threshold between ___-phase & ___-of-phase conditions |
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Definition
| split; fixed; 60; Bekesy tracking; reversed; in; out |
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Term
MLD Results & Interpretation:
-largest release from masking occurs for ____
-S∏No thresholds will normally be __-__ dB better than SoNo thresholds |
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Definition
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Term
-Use ___ when interpreting MLD results in presence of hearing loss
-Why? |
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Definition
| caution; More hearing loss @ 500 Hz reduces the MLD |
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Term
| binaural release from masking is a good test of ___ ___ function, but same abnormality could be seen in those with mild ___ ___ loss. If patients have ___-frequency hearing loss, interpretation of the MLD test is equivocal |
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Definition
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