Human With Feline Head

Hohlenstein-Stadel, Germany

30,000-28,000 BCE

Mammoth Ivory, 11 5/8” h

Paleolithic

Bison, Detail of painted ceiling in cave

Altamira, Spain

12,000-11,000 BCE

each bison 5’ long

Paleolithic

Rhinoceros, wounded man, disemboweled bison painting in cave

Lascaux, France

15,000-13,000 BCE

Bison 3’8” long

Paleolithic

Eshenunna Statuettes (Sumerian Votive Offerings)

Square Temple @ Eshenunna, Iraq

2700 BCE

Gypsum inlaid w/shell & black limestone, 2’6”

Sumerian

*One of first commissioned pieces of art

Stele with Law Code of Hammurabi

Susa, Iran

1780 BCE

Basalt, 7’4”

Babylonian

*foreshortening

Peace Side of Standard of Ur

Tomb 779 Royal Cemetery in Ur, Iraq

2600 BCE

Wood w/shell, lapis lazuli, red limestone

8” x 1’7”

Sumerian

Victory Stele of Naram-Sim

Susa, Iran

2254-2218 BCE

Pink Sandstone 6’7”

Akkadian

Assyrian archers pursuing enemies

Relief from NW Palace of Ashurnasirpal II

Kalhu, Iraq

875-860 BCE

Gypsum 2’ 10 5/8”

Assyrian

Palette of King Narmer

Hierakonpolis, Egypt

3000-2920 BCE

Slate 2’1” high

Predynastic

IMOTEP

Stepped Pyramid and mortuary precint of Djoser

Saqquara, Egypt

2630-2611 BCE

3^rd Dynasty (Old Kingdom)

Khafre enthroned

Gizeh, Egypt

2520-2494 BCE

Diorite 5’6” high

4^th Dynasty (Old Kingdom)

Menkaure & Khamerernebty

Gizeh, Egypt

2490-2472 BCE

Greywacke 4’ 6 1/2” high

4^th Dynasty (Old Kingdom)

Figurine of a woman

Syros, Greece

2500-2300 BCE

Marble 1’ 6”

Cycladic

Kamares-Ware Jar

Phaistos, Greece

1800-1700 BCE

1’8” high

Minoan

Snake Goddess

Palace at Knossos, Greece

1600 BCE

Faience (low-fire opaque glass-like silicate)

1’ 1 ½” high

Minoan

Kouros

600 BCE

Marble 6’ ½” high

Archaic

Kroisos

Anavysos, Greece

530 BCE

Marble 6’4”

Archaic

Dying Warrior (west pediment)

Temple of Aphaia, Aegina, Greece

490 BCE

Marble 5’ 2 ½” long

*Transition to Classical  

Dying Warrior (east pediment)

Temple of Aphaia, Aegina, Greece

480 BCE

Marble 6’1” long

*Transition to Classical

MYRON

Diskobolos (Discus Thrower)

Marble Roman Copy of Bronze Original 5’1” h

450 BCE

Early Classical

POLYKLEITOS

Doryphoros (Spear Bearer)

Roman Marble Copy of Bronze Original 6’11”

Pompeii, Italy

450-440 BCE

Early/ High Classical

IKTINOS & KALIKRATES

Parthenon (Temple of Athena Parthenos)

Acropolis, Athens, Greece

447-438 BCE

Early/ High Classical

KALLIKRATES

Temple of Athena Nike

Acropolis, Athens, Greece

427-424 BCE

Early/ High Classical

PRAXITELES

Aphrodite of Knidos

350-340 BCE

Roman marble copy of original, 6’8” high

Late Classical

Nike alighting on warship (Nike of Samothrace)

Samothrace, Greece

190 BCE

Marble 8’1”

Hellenistic

ALEXANDER of ANTIOCH-ON-THE-MEANDER

Aphrodite (Venus de Milo)

Melos, Greece

150-125 BCE

Marble 6’7” high

Hellenistic

Sleeping Satyr (Barberini Faun)

Rome, Italy

230-200 BCE

Marble 7’1” high

Hellenistic

Apulu (Apollo)

From roof of Poronaccio Temple, Veii, Italy

510-500 BCE

Painted Terracotta 5’ 1”

Etruscan Archaic

Sarcophagus with reclining couple

Cerveteri, Italy

520 BCE

Painted Terracotta 3’9” x 6’7”

Etruscan Archaic

Capitoline Wolf

Rome, Italy

500-480 BCE

Bronze 2’7” high

Etruscan Classical

Aule Metele (Arringatore)

Cortona, Lake Trasimeno, Italy

Early 1^st century BCE

Bronze 5’7” high

Etruscan Classical

Head of Roman Patrician

Orticoli, Italy

75-50 BCE

Marble 1’2”

Republic

First Style Wall

Samnite House

Herculaneum, Italy

Late 2^nd Century BCE

Republic

Gardenscape (Second Style)

Villia of Livia, Primaporta, Italy

30-20 BCE

Fresco 6’7”

Early Empire

Third Style

Cubiculum 15 of Villa of Agrippa Postumus

Boscotrecase, Italy

10 BCE

Fresco 7’8”

Early Empire

Fourth Style, Ixion Room (triclinium P)

House of Vettii, Pompeii, Italy

70-79 CE

Early Empire

Flavian Ampitheater (Colosseum)

Rome, Italy

70-80 CE

Early Empire

Arch of Titus

Rome, Italy

After 81 CE

Early Empire

Column of Trajan

Forum of Trajan, Rome, Italy

112 CE

High Empire

Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius

Rome, Italy

175 CE

Bronze 11’6” high

High Empire

Painted Portrait of Septimus Severus & Family

Egypt

200 CE

Tempera on Wood 1’ 2” diameter

Late Empire

Portrait of Constantine

Basilica Nova, Rome, Italy

315-330 CE

Marble 8'6"

Late Empire

Interior of Mausoleum of Galla Placidia

Italy

425 CE

Interior of Santa Sabina

Rome, Italy

422-432

Interior of Santa Costanza

Rome, Italy

337-351

Parting of Abraham and Lot

Nave of Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome, Italy

432-440

Mosaic 3’4” high

Christ as the Good Shepherd

Entrance wall of Mausoleum Galla Placidia

Ravenna, Italy

425

Mosaic

ANTHEMIUS OF TRALLES & ISIDORUS OF MILETUS

Interior of Hagia Sophia

Constantinople, Turkey

532-537

Early Byzantine Art

San Vitale

Ravenna, Italy

526-547

Early Byzantine Art

Justinian, Bishop Maximianus and Attendants

North Wall of Apse of San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy

547

Mosaic

Early Byzantine Art

Theodora and Attendants

South wall of Apse at San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy

547

Mosaic

Early Byzantine Art

Miracle of the Loaves and the Fishes

Top register of nave wall of Sant’ Apollinare Nuovo

Ravenna, Italy

504

Mosaic

Christ as Pantokrator

Dome of Church of the Dormition, Daphni, Greece

1090-1100

Mosaic

Middle Byzantine Art

Virgin (Theotokos) and Child between St. Theodore and St. George

Monastery of St. Catherine, Mt. Sinai, Egypt

6^th-7^th Century

Icon

Encaustic (wax and pigment) on wood

Lamentation over the dead Christ

Wall Painting

St. Pantaleimon Nerezi, Macedonia

1164

Middle Byzantine Art

Virgin (Theotokos) and Child (Vladimir Virgin)

Icon

Late 11^th- early 12^th century

Tempera on wood

Middle Byzantine Art

Dome of the Rock

Jerusalem

687-692

Early Islamic Art

Malwiya Minaret

Great Mosque, Samarra, Iraq

848-852

Early Islamic Art

Prayer Hall of the Great Mosque

Córdoba, Spain

8^th-10^th Century

Early Islamic Art

Mihrab from Madrasa Imami

Isfahan, Iran

1354

Glazed Mosaic Tilework 11’3” x7’6”

Late Islamic Art

Wooden portal of Stave Church

Urnes, Norway

1050-1070

*Interlaced design

* elongated animal forms

* stave= wedge shaped timbers placed vertically

Saint Matthew, folio 25 verso of Lindisfarne Gospels

Nothumbria England

698-721

Tempera on vellum

* carpet page

*part schematic part natural

Saint Matthew, folio 15 recto of Coronation Gospels (Gospel Book of Charlemagne)

Aachen, Gernamny

800-810

Ink and Tempera on vellum

*Halo

*draperies= naturalistic

* visible brush stroke

St Matthew folio 18 verso of the Ebbo Gospels (Gospel Book of Archbishop Ebbo of Reims)

Hautvillers, France

816-845

Ink and Tempera on Vellum

*Frenetic energy, frantically writing

Interior of Palatine Chapel of Charlemagne

Aachen, Germany

792-805

Carolingian Architecture

*Central axis plan (circular)

*simplistic

*multitierd, 2+ stories including gallery

*clerestory

*byzantine-like mosaics

The Second Coming of Christ w/ 4 Evangelists

South portal of St Pierre

Moissac, France

1115-1135

*elongated bodies, jerky movements

GISLEBERTUS

Last Judgement

West Tympanum of St. Lazare

Autun, France

1120-1135

Marble 21’

* weighing of the souls

*encourage people to come to church to be saved on judgment day

Pentecost and Mission of the Apostles

Tympanum of center portal of narthex of La Madeline, Vézelay,France

1120-1130

*encourages people to come to church

*everyone can see/read it

Initial R with knight fighting dragon from folio 4 verso of Moralia in Job

Citeaux, France

1115-1125

Ink and tempera on vellum

*elongated figures (Romanesque)

Interior of Sant’ Ambrogio

Milan, Italy

Late 11^th-12^th century

*groin vaults w/ ribbing

*alternate support system

*little light source

*compound piers

Interior of St. Etienne

Caen, France

Vaulted 1115-1120

*sexpartite vaults

Interior of Durham Cathedral

England

1093

*1^st use of ribbed groin vaults

*7 part nave

*chevron pattern in pillars

*compound piers

*each stone cut specifically for its place

West Façade Chartres

Chartres, France

1145-1155

Early Gothic

Royal Portal, West Façade Chartres Cathedral

Chartres, France

1145-1155

Early Gothic

*Ascension (Left), Second Coming (Middle), Jesus in lap of Virgin Mary (Right)

West Façade Laon Cathedral

Laon, France

1190

Early Gothic

*rose window

*deep porches

*open structure towers

Notre Dame

Paris, France

1163 (nave and buttresses), 1180-1200, remodeled 1225

Early Gothic

*occuli instead of triforium

*flying buttresses

*4 story elevation

ROBERT DE LUZARCHES, THOMAS DE CORMONT, & RENAUD DE CORMONT

West Façade Amiens Cathedral

Amiens, France

1220

High Gothic

*deep carvings

*colonettes, pinnacles, rosettes

West Façade Reims Cathedral

Reims, France

1225-1290

High Gothic

*reduced mass with framed voids

*stained glass windows instead of stone reliefs in tympanum

Virgin and Child (Virgin of Paris)

Notre Dame, France

Early 14^th Century

Late Gothic

*S-curve

*shown as queen with crown and scepter

Ekkehard and Uta, statues in West choir at Naumburg Cathedral

Naumburg, Germany

1249-1255

painted limestone (preserved b/c kept inside)

*period costumes, individualized figures,

*donor portraits of the benefactors

*margrave= military governor

GIOTTO DE BONDONE

Arena Chapel

Padua, Italy

1305-1306

*barrel vault, triumphal arch & vault

*Passion (bottom), life of Christ (middle), Life of Mary (top left), Joachin & Anna (top right)

CIMABUE

Madonna Enthroned with Angels and Prophets

Santa Trinitá, Florence, Italy

1280-1290

Tempera and Gold Leaf on wood

*Italobyzantine elements (gold, halos) but uses depth and classical architecture

GIOTTO DE BONDONE

Madonna Enthroned

Church of Ognissanti, Florence, Italy

1310

Tempera and Gold Leaf on Wood

*byzantine gold background

* weighty figures

*gothic architecture

GIOTTO DE BONDONE

Lamentation

Area Chapel (Capella Scrovegni)

Padua, Italy

1305

Fresco

*foreshortened angels

*chiaroscuro

LORENZO MAITANI

Orvieto Cathedral

Orvieto, Italy

1310

*big façade, small cathedral

*Gothic rose window, pinnacles, 3 bay system

*timber roof, 2 story elevation (Romanesque)

ARNOLFO DI CAMBIO

Florence Cathedral

Florence, Italy

1296

PIETRUS CHRISTUS

A Goldsmith in his Shop

1449

Oil on Wood

ROBERT CAMPIN (MASTER OF FLEMALLE)

Merode Altarpiece

1425-1428

Oil on wood

*tones of color

*Annunciation scene in mid-class Flemish home

*Peter Anglbrecht & wife (patrons)

*candle just blown out, among other symbols…

JAN VAN EYCK

Ghent Altarpiece

St. Bavo Cathedral

Ghent, Belgium

1432

Oil on wood

*Top:Adam, Mary, God, Joseph, Eve

*Bottom: Foutain of Life, Lamb of Christ, Virgins, Pilgrims, Hermits, Knights, Judges

JAN VAN EYCK

Giovanni Arnofini and his Bride (Arnolfini Marriage)

1434

Oil on wood

*dog=fidelity

ROGIER VAN DER WEYDEN

Deposition

Center of triptych from Notre Dame hors-les-murs

Louvain, Belgium

1435

Oil on wood

DIRK BOUTS

The Last Supper

Center panel of Altarpiece of the Holy Sacraments

St. Peter’s Louvain, Belgium

1464-1468

*vanishing point/1 point perspective

*orthogonals

*focuses on the breaking of the bread, not the religious accuracy

JEAN FOUQUET

Melun Diptych

Étienne Chevalier and St Steven (Left) and Virgin and Child (Right)

1450

Oil on Wood

MASACCIO

Holy Trinity

Santa Maria Novella, Florence, Italy

1427-1427

Fresco

*application of math to depiction of space

MASACCIO

Tribute Money

Brancacci Chapel

Santa Mara de Carmine, Florence, Italy

1424-1427

Fresco 8’4” x 19’ 7”

*linear perspective

*atmospheric perspective

*chiaroscuro

*outside light source

*commentary on income tax Florentine Republic was considering implementing at the time

FRA FILIPPO LIPPI

Madonna and Child with Angels

1455

Tempera on wood

*Fra was saved by Medici

*Madonna=young mother not spiritual/ fragile

*Used live models

*humanization of religious theme

*shows contours and movement through swirling draperies

*fluid lines unify composition

*tried Masccio’s massive forms then developed a linear style influenced by Ghiberti & Donatello

DONATELLO

David

1440-1460

Bronze 5’2”

*classical contrapposto

*First renaissance nude statue

*youthful biblical slayer of Goliath symbol of independent Florentine republic

*Medici commissioned b/c he identified himself with Florence and its prosperity/freedom

*classical proportions, sensuous beauty of Gods, appealed to Humanist Medici

ANDREA DEL VERROCCHIO

David

1463-1470

Bronze 4’1”

*thinly adolescent body shows close reading of bible

*sturdy, wiry

ANTONIO DEL POLLAIUOLO

Hercules and Antaneus

1470-1475

Bronze

*resurgence of mythological scenes b/c Greco-Roman Revival

*emphasis on human anatomy showing Medici preference for humanist imagery

PERUGINO
Christ Delivering Keys of the Kingdom to St Peter

Sistine Chapel, Vatican, Rome, Italy

1481-1483

Fresco

*arch of Constantine in background

*vanishing point at door of central planned temple

*lines in concrete act as orthogonals

LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI

West façade of Sant’ Andrea

Mantua, Italy

Designed 1470, begun 1472

*Roman, like basilica nova

*façade shorter than building behind it

*barrel vault, triumphal arch, pediment, colossal/giant order

ANDREA MANTEGNA

Foreshortened Christ (Dead Christ)

1500

Tempera on Canvas

*feet are too small but would cover body if actual size

*tempering naturalism with artistic license

*biblical tragedy

*painter’s harsh sharp lines cut surface

DA VINCI

The Last Supper

Refectory of Santa Maria della Grazie

Oil and Tempera on plaster

High/ late Renaissance

*composition, arrangement of objects, emotions

MICHELANGELO BUONARROTI

Pieta

1498-1500

Marble 5’8”

St Peter’s, Vatican City, Rome

High/Late Renaissance

*terribilata

*focus on connection between Mary and Jesus

MICHELANGELO BUONARROTI

Interior of Sistine Chapel

Vatican City, Rome, Italy

1508-1512

High/Late Renaissance

*creation, rise, fall of humanity

*architectural elements painted in gray (grisaille)

GIOVANNI BELLINI
San Zaccaraia Altarpiece

1505

Oil on Wood, transferred to canvas

High/Late Renaissance

*high renaissance Flemish oil technique

*colorful design with no defined lines

BELLINI and TITIAN

Feast of the Gods

Camerino d’Alabastro Palazzo Ducale, Ferrara, Italy

1529

Oil on Canvas

High/late renaissance

*Arcadian rustic/ rural peace

*Greco-Roman nymphs

* venetian colorido, central Italy diseño

TITIAN

Meeting of Bacchus and Ariadne

Camerino d’Alabastro Palazzo Ducale, Ferrara, Italy

1522-1523

Oil on Canvas

High/Late Renaissance

PARMIGIANINO

Madonna with the Long Neck

Balardi Chapel, Santa Maria dei Servi, Parma, Italy

1534-1540

Oil on Wood

Mannerism

*aristocratic representation

*body position emphasizes elongation

BRONZINO
Venus, Cupid, Folly and Time (Disarming of Cupid)

1546

Oil on Wood

Mannerism

GIACOMO DELLA PORTA

Façade of Il Gesú

Rome, Italy

1575-1584

*classical pediments, paired pilasters

MATTHIAS GRUNEWALD

Isenheim Altarpiece (closed)

Chapel of Hospital of St Anthony

Isenheim, Germany

1510-1515

Oil on wood

*saints Sebastian (L) and Anthony (R) associated with plague/disease

DURER

The Fall of Man (Adam and Eve)

Engraving

1504

*Vitruvian body style and proportions

*4 humors represented

QUINTEN MASSYS

The Moneychanger and his Wife

1514

Oil on wood

*ignoring religious symbols, focus on money

*rich color

PIETER AERTSEN

The Butcher’s Stall

1551

Oil on wood

PIETER BRUEGEL THE ELDER

Netherlandish Proverbs

1559

Oil on Wood

EL GRECO

The Burial of Count Orgaz

1586

Oil on canvas