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| Aryan god who watched over the behavior of mortals and preserved the cosmic order |
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| The plant, or the intoxicating juice of the plant, used in ancient Indian religious ceremonies. |
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| legally prohibitied by Akbar, burning of high-caste Hindu women on their husbands' funeral pyres, highly practiced by Rajput princes |
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| contain the text of the Vedanta. Largely dialogues. Means literally to sit down close. Not just one voice, it’s interaction and debate about the truth. |
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| underlying force of the universe. Divine cosmic power. |
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| the world we live in now where everything is separate and different. Where we are reborn. It appears to be real but with the highest insight it becomes an illusion. |
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| in Hinduism, the force generated by a person’s actions that determines how the person will be reborn in the next life |
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| “liberation of the spirit” |
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| The king of the gods and ruler of the heavens. Indra is the god of thunder and rain and a great warrior, a symbol of courage and strength. |
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| Group of Indo-Europeans, tribal, warriors, invaded Dravidians and combined with them to make a new culture/society |
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| Descendants of the Indus Valley people, Aryans invaded and took over society |
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| City in Indus Valley civilization, had about 35,000 people at peak, streets laid out like a grid, farther downstream |
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An Indo-European language that was used by the Aryan/Dravidian Civilization.
Vedas- a collection of hymns and other religious texts composed in India between about 1500 and 1000 BCE. It includes elements such as liturgical material as well as mythological accounts, poems, prayers, and formulas considered to be sacred by the Vedic religion. |
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| River where first river valley civilization in India arose |
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| City in Indus Valley civilization, had about 35,000 people at peak, streets laid out like a grid, farther up stream |
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| Highest of the caste system. They were mainly priests. |
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| Second highest caste. They were mainly warriors. |
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| Third highest caste. They were servants. |
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| The bottom of the caste. They were also servants and peasants |
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1766-1122
- knowledge of bronze metallurgy
- strengthened shang war machine
- 1000 BCE Iron Working
- Fortune telling and ancestor worship |
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| The largest river in India that gave rise to the start of many early Indian civilizations. |
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| Early Central American society (1200-100 B.C.E.) that centered around sites at San Lorenzo, La Venta, and Tres Zapotes and that influenced later Maya. |
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| Brilliant Central American society (300-1100) known for math, astronomy, and a sophisticated written language. |
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| Maya political center from the fourth through the ninth centuries. |
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| Pre-Incan South American society (300-700) known for their brilliant ceramics. |
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| Central American society (200 B.C.E.-750 C.E.); its Pyramid of the Sun was the largest structure in Mesoamerica. |
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| Social class system in which distinctions and restrictions on marriage, occupation, handling of food, and other matters are transferred through generations or through class. The term usually refers to the social system of India. |
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| refers to the broad family of the Indo Aryan languages and dialects spoken in ancient India after Sanskrit. The Prakrits became literary languages. Prakrit is foremost a native term, designating "vernaculars" as opposed to Sanskrit. |
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Large body of Sanskrit literature
Revered as revelation (sruti) and as the source of dharma
Means "knowledge"
Originally revealed to ancient sages (rsi), passed on as oral tradition
Reference point for the construction of Hindu identity and self-understanding |
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•Chinese dynasty that lasted 1046-256 BCE.
•Followed Shang dynasty. Longest lasting dynastyin Chinese history.
•Introduction of Iron.
•Philosophies of: Laozi, Mencious, & Confucious.
•Government influenced mainly by four schools: Confucianism, Mohism, Taoism, and Legalism
•Followed Mandate of Heaven of Shang dynasty |
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| Shun passed the leadership to Yu. Yu created a water project in China to help stop flooding in China. He also founded the first dynasty in China(Xia dynasty). |
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| bones on which priests scratched questions asked by rulers; then, heated rods are struck into the bones, and the cracks formed were interpreted as answers from the gods |
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| Cates were divided into four broad categories called varna, Indian civil servant were of the third varna |
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| Aryan leader or prince of a tribe |
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| Religion developed arond 900 BCE in Andes, named after city Chavin de Huantar |
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| a hindu spiritual and ascetic discipline, a part of which, including breathing control and meditation |
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| Subcategories within the castes |
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| the oldest principal of the vedas. a collection of 1028 hymns. |
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| Chinese dynasty (2200-1766 B.C.E.) that is known mainly from legend. |
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| This civilization had a society which seems to have been influenced by proto-Hindu or Hindu religion, which emphasized the importance of animals, similar to modern Hinduism. As well, this civilization developed a complex written language, with over 400 symbols. Finally, this civilization was prosperous enough that many non-essential items, like children's toys, were made. |
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| Society or group in which men have power over women. |
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definition: guidelines formed based on Hindu beliefs
- set of laws to bring order, first ones to be based on religion |
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| Neolithic settlements in the yellow River Valley east of Xian, China. |
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| the area between Asia and North America that became connected by land during the Ice Age. |
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| "three stars mound") is the name of an archaeological site and the previously unknown Bronze Age culture for which it is the type site. |
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| is an ancient Chinese belief/theory and philosophical idea that tiān (heaven) granted emperors the right to rule based on their ability to govern well, appropriately and fairly. |
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| One of the early capitals of the Shang Dynasty. It was a large economic center that had a massive wall, layers deep |
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| One of the few books that survived the burning of the books. It contains songs and poems about common life in China |
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| Period of the Warring States |
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| the period from 5th century BC to the unification of China by the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC when regional warlords battled amongst each other and there was no ruler |
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| Built a boat and traveled to populate a new land. |
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| New Guineans foraged for food until trade with these people began. |
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| The earliest Austronesian migrants to sail out into the Pacific Ocean and establish settlements in Pacific islands. |
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| sanskrit word found in ancient Indian texts such as as the Rigveda and Aushasatra. It usually means "enemy" or "servant" but das or das aslo means a "serrant of God", "devotee", "votary" or "one who has surrendered to god". |
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| a member of a mountain - dwelling people of southern China |
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| persistently avoid, ignore, or reject through antipathy or caution |
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| The Yellow River or HUang He is the third longest river in Asia, following the Yangtze River and Yenisei River |
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| An ancient Mayan city of central Yucatán in Mexico, noted for its extensive well preserved ruins. The city was founded around the 6th century and abandoned by the end of the 12th century. |
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| a wind-formed deposit made of fine particles of clay and silt |
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| the passive female principle of the universe |
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| is conventionally divided into three phrases: the early period, Jiangzhai, Beishoulding |
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| traditional chinese; an archaeological site at Yinxy |
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| alloy of copper, tin, zinc, phosphorous, and sometimes small amounts of other elements. Bronzes are harder than brasses |
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| in preindustrial sub- Saharan Africa encompasses both archaeology of indigenous iron production, and also an understanding of the role that iron production played in African |
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| the custom of venerating deceased ancestors who are considered still a part of the family |
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| Book of Changes (i Ching) |
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| an ancient divination text and the oldest of the chinese classics |
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| was a hegemonic, Zhou dynasty era state |
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| steppe,is an ecoregion in the montante grasslands, savannas and shrublands biomes , characterized by grassland plains without trees apart from those near rivers and lakes |
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| a particular situation, especially one that is completely different from the previous situation |
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| known as Lakamaha, was a Maya city state in southern Mexico that flourished in the 7th century |
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| Temple of the Giant Jaguar |
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| the designation given to one of the major structures at Tikal, one of the largest cities and archaeological sites of the pre- Columbian Maya civilization in Mesoamerica |
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