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| Locations of the Origins of Islam |
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| Muhammad's flight to Medina because they were continuously faced with hostility and persecution |
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| Cubical shrine with hundreds of idols brought by many tribes inside, dedicated to Allah |
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| 5 fundamental beliefs of Muslims: Confession to faith, prayer, fasting, alms (charity), hajj |
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| Pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a Muslims life |
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| Qur'an, believed to be the true word of God given to Muhammad by the angel Gabriel |
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| Reasons for the division of the Muslim community |
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| Some believed the successor of Muhammad should have been blood related not related through marriage |
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| Believed the successor should be directly related to Muhammad |
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| Believed they should be able to select leader |
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| Successor to the Prophet Muhammad |
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| Father in law of Muhammad, 1st caliph, compiled all of Muhammad's teachings into the Qur'an |
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| Religious scholars who were experts on the Qur'an |
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| Umayyad Caliphate- Capital |
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| Umayyad Caliphate- Areas included in the Empire |
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| North Africa, Turkey, Syria, Spain |
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| Umayyad Caliphate- Nature of Citizenship within the Empire |
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| Had to be Muslim to be granted, Non-Muslims were taxed but not persecuted |
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| Umayyad Caliphate- "People of the Book" |
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| Took over the Umayyad Caliphate |
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| Abbasid Caliphate- Capital |
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| Abbasid Caliphate- Policy towards non-Arabs in Empire |
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| Gave citizenship to non-Muslims which made them feel apart of the empire which decreased the amount of revolts |
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| Abbasid Caliphate- Golden Age |
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| Time of peace and prosperity due to trade and well organized government |
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| Sailing (Trading) vessels with lateen sail (great for Indian Ocean trade) |
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| Abbasid Caliphate- Madrasas |
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| Urban universities which preserved writings of the Ancient Greeks and Indians |
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| Abbasid Caliphate- Dome of the Rock |
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| In Jerusalem, enclosed the sacred rock where Muhammad began to ascend to heaven |
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| Veil (cover), secluded, could own property, could get a divorce |
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| Western Europe after 476 C.E |
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| Decentralized, insecure, manors, Medieval Ages, divided, Roman Cathlic |
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| Eastern Europe after 476 C.E |
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| Centralized, organized, Constantinople, continued tradions |
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| Eastern Half: Byzantine Empire- Capital |
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| Constantinople (Istanbul, Turkey today) |
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| Eastern Half: Byzantine Empire- Justinian |
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| Emperor with absolute power over state and church, preserved Greek-Roman culture |
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| Eastern Half: Byzantine Empire- Code of Justinian |
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| Laws influenced Western Europe |
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| Eastern Half: Byzantine Empire- Hagia Sophia |
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| Eastern Half: Byzantine Empire- Icons |
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| Eastern Half: Byzantine Empire- Mosaics |
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| Byzantine Empire Influence Russia |
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| Trade, growing political claims, and the decision to participate in Christianity (Eastern Orthodox), Russian Orthodox developed |
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| Split of Christianity, Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodax |
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| Roman Catholic VS Eastern Orthodox- Pope |
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| Roman Catholic VS Eastern Orthodox- Emperor |
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| Roman Catholic VS Eastern Orthodox- Patriarch |
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| Roman Catholic VS Eastern Orthodox- Papacy |
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| Roman Catholic VS Eastern Orthodox- Unleavened yeast |
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| Roman Catholic VS Eastern Orthodox- Leavened Yeast |
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| Roman Catholic VS Eastern Orthodox- Pope |
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| Roman Catholic VS Eastern Orthodox- Emperor |
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| Roman Catholic VS Eastern Orthodox- Patriarch |
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| Roman Catholic VS Eastern Orthodox- Papacy |
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| Roman Catholic VS Eastern Orthodox- Unleavened yeast |
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| Roman Catholic VS Eastern Orthodox- Leavened Yeast |
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| Roman Catholic VS Eastern Orthodox- Latin |
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| Roman Catholic VS Eastern Orthodox- Greek |
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| Roman Catholic VS Eastern Orthodox- Vatican |
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| Roman Catholic VS Eastern Orthodox- Icons |
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| Roman Catholic VS Eastern Orthodox- Prohibited Icons |
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| Roman Catholic VS Eastern Orthodox- Priest not allowed to marry |
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| Roman Catholic VS Eastern Orthodox- Priest allowed to marry |
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| Roman Catholic VS Eastern Orthodox- Divorce is not allowed |
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| What lead to the Great Schism |
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| Differences in Doctrine and Geographical Distance |
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| Western Europe: Middle Ages- Charlemagne |
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| Inherited the Kingdom of the Franks, "Charles the Great" |
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| Western Europe: Middle Ages- Treaty of Verdun |
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| Divided the Empire into 3 kingdoms |
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| Western Europe: Middle Ages- Rise of Feudalism |
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| Western Europe: Middle Ages- Feudal Hierarchy/ Roles of the people |
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| Serfs- work on manor, knights- mounted horsemen, Vassals- military service to lord/king, Nobles/Lords- land owner, King |
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| Western Europe: Middle Ages- Fief |
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| Western Europe: Middle Ages- Manoralism |
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| Western Europe: Middle Ages- Manor |
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| Large, self-sufficient estates ran by leaders who provided protection in return for free lbor |
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| Western Europe: Middle Ages- Chivalry |
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| Law code knights had to follow |
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| Western Europe: Middle Ages- Role of the church in the Middle Ages |
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| Western Europe: Middle Ages-Tithe |
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| Western Europe: Middle Ages- Papacy |
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| The central administration of the Roman Catholic Church in which the Pope is head |
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| Western Europe: Middle Ages- Clergy |
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| Western Europe: Middle Ages- Holy Roman Empire |
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| Loose confederation headed by an emperor elected by the princess |
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| Western Europe: Middle Ages- Canon Law |
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| Church law that gave the Pope power over the Clergies and church poverty |
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| Western Europe: Middle Ages- Investiture Controversy |
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| Dispute between the Popes and the Holy Roman empire over who held ultimate authority over bishops in imperial lands |
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| Western Europe: Middle Ages- Investiture Controversy result |
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| Compromised, Church can select its own officials and rulers retain an informal and symbolize role in the process |
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| Western Europe: Middle Ages- Monasticism |
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| Living in religious community apart from the rest of the society and adhering to a rule stipulating chastity, obedience, and poverty |
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| Western Europe: Middle Ages- Benedictine rule |
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| Rules emphasizing not marrying, poverty, obedience to the abbot |
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| Western Europe: Middle Ages- Role of th eMonasteries in the Middle ages |
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| Provided service to the needy, preserved literacy and learning |
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| Western Europe: Middle Ages- Crusades |
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| Armed pilgrimages to the Holy Land by Christians determined to recover Jerusalem from Muslim rule; ended Europe's intellectual and cultural isolation |
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| Western Europe: Middle Ages- Reasons for joining the Crusades |
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| Western Europe: Middle Ages- Crusades Successful Failure |
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| Europeans gained wider awareness of the world, European knowledge and desire for economic wealth increased, towns and cities grew |
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| Western Europe: Middle Ages- Pope Urban II and the council of Clermont |
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| Western Europe: Middle Ages- Impacts of the Crusades |
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| Relationships between Christians and Muslims worsened, Europeans gained wider awareness of the world,European knowledge and desire for economic wealth increased, towns and cities grew |
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| Western Europe: Middle Ages- High Middle Ages |
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| population increased, agricultural techniques improved food production |
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| Reasons why Agricultural Priduction increased |
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| 3 field system, invention of better plow, horse collar, use of horse over ox (faster), water wheel(grind grain) |
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| Western Europe: Middle Ages- Rise of Towns and cities |
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| Western Europe: Middle Ages- Guild System |
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| Association of men who work in a particular trade banded together to promote their economic interests, reduce competition (everything is the same) |
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| Western Europe: Middle Ages- Gothic Style Architecture |
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| Tall, large stained glass windows, ornate carvings, flying buttresses, vaults and spires |
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| Western Europe: Middle Ages- Black Death |
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