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| A policy designed to give special attention to or compensatory treatment for members of some previously disadvantaged group. |
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| Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 |
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| A law passed in 1990 that requires employers and public facilities to make “reasonable accommodations” for people with disabilities and prohibits discrimination against these individuals in employment. |
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| Policies designed to protect people against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by government officials or individuals. |
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| The law that made racial discrimination against any group in hotels, motels, and restaurants illegal and forbade many forms of job discrimination. |
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| A movement that began in the 1950s and organized both African Americans and Whites to end the policies of segregation. |
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| The issue raised when women are paid less then men for working at jobs requiring comparable skill. |
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| A policy statement about equality holding that the rules of the game should be the same for everyone. |
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| Equal Protection of the Laws |
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| Part of the Fourteenth Amendment emphasizing that the laws must provide equivalent “protection” to all people. |
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| A policy statement about equality holding that government has a duty to help break down barriers to equal opportunity. |
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| Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) |
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Definition
A constitutional amendment originally introduced in 1923 and passed by Congress in 1972 and sent to the state legislatures for ratification, stating that “equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex.” Despite substantial public support and an extended deadline, the amendment
failed to acquire the necessary support from three-fourths of the state legislatures. |
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| The constitutional amendment adopted in 1870 to extend suffrage to African Americans. |
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| The constitutional amendment adopted after the Civil War that states, “No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.” |
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| One of the methods used by Southern states to deny African Americans the right to vote. In order to exempt illiterate Whites from taking a literacy test before voting, the clause exempted people whose grandfathers were eligible to vote in 1860, thereby disenfranchising the grandchildren of slaves. |
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| The constitutional amendment adopted in 1920 that guarantees women the right to vote. |
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| Small taxes, levied on the right to vote, that often fell due at a time of year when poor African-American sharecroppers had the least cash on hand. This method was used by most Southern states to exclude African Americans from voting registers. |
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| The constitutional amendment passed after the Civil War that forbade slavery and involuntary servitude. |
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| The constitutional amendment passed in 1964 that declared poll taxes void. |
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| Voting Rights Act of 1965 |
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Definition
| A law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African-American suffrage. |
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Definition
| Permitted political parties in the heavily Democratic South to exclude African Americans from primary elections, thus depriving them of a voice in the real contests. |
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| Racial segregation by law. |
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| Racial segregation by fact and housing patterns. |
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| Racial segregation by fact and housing patterns. |
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| Classifying persons on the basis of race or ethnicity. The courts have said that these classifications warrant strict scrutiny. |
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| A derogatory term for blacks used in the 1820s that became the term used for laws and governmental practices designed to segregate blacks from whites especially in the South. |
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