Term
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Definition
| Process of taking a sample |
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Term
| Voluntary Response Sample |
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Definition
| Consists of people who choose themselves by responding to general appeal. example: mail in surveys |
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Term
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Definition
| Manipulating more than one explanatory variable, measuring more than one response variable |
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Term
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Definition
| Effects of the explanatory variable are mixed with effect of events in history |
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Term
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Definition
| Provide a way to answer specific questions from data with some guarantee that answers are good |
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Term
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Definition
| Entire group of individuals that we want information about |
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Term
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Definition
| Part of population that we actually examine in order to gather information. Design: method used to choose sample |
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Term
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Definition
| Choosing the individuals easiest to reach |
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Term
| Simple Random Sample (SRS) of size N |
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Definition
| Consists of N individuals chosen from the population chosen in a way that every set of n individuals has equal chance. Or every possible group of size n is equally likely to be chosen |
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Term
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Definition
| Long string of digits that 1, each entry equally likely to be any number from 0-9, 2, the entries are independent of each other |
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Term
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Definition
| Gives each member of the population a known chance (greater than 0), to be selected |
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Term
| Stratified Random Sample, Strata |
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Definition
| Dividing the population into groups of similar individuals (strata), then choosing a separate SRS in each stratum and combine these SRSs to form a full sample |
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Term
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Definition
| Narrowing down your population into subsets |
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Term
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Definition
| When groups in the population are left out of the process of choosing samples |
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Term
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Definition
| Individuals chosen for the sample can't be contacted or refuse to cooperate |
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Term
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Definition
| The answer is biased, because the asker could affect or topic could affect response |
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Term
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Definition
| How you choose to say your questions might present bias |
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Term
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Definition
| Observes individuals and measures variables of interest but won't influence the responses |
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Term
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Definition
| Deliberately imposes some treatment on individuals in order to observe their responses |
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Term
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Definition
| Individuals on which experiments are done |
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Term
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Definition
| Specific experimental conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| Dummy treatment with no physical effect |
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Term
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Definition
| Group of patients who received sham treatments |
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Term
| Completely Randomized Experimental Design |
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Definition
| All experiments are allocated at random among all the treatments |
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Term
| Statistically Significant Observation |
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Definition
| Observed effect too large to attribute plausibly to chance |
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Term
| The 3 principles of experimental design |
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Definition
1. Control of the effects of lurking variables on response, by comparing several treatments
2. Randomization, using impersonal chance to assign subjects to treatments
3. Replication of the experiments on many subjects to reduce chance of variation in results |
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Term
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Definition
| Neither subject nor people know which treatment the subject received |
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Term
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Definition
| Random assignment of units to to treatments carried out separately within each block |
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Term
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Definition
| compare only two treatments |
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