Term
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Definition
| The entire group of individuals in which we want information from |
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Definition
| Part of the population from which we collect information from. |
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Definition
| Choosing individuals that are easiest to reach. |
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Definition
| When a statistical study favors a certain outcome. |
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Term
| Voluntary Response Sample |
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Definition
| People that choose to respond to a survey. Very often, they show bias because people with strong opinions respond. |
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Term
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Definition
| Of a certain size of people, certain individuals from that population choose in such a way that every set of a certain number of individuals as an equal chance to be part of the sample that is actually selected |
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Term
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Definition
A long string of digigts (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, etc.) with certain properties.
- Each entry in the table is equally likely to be any of the 10 digits 0-9
-The entries are independent of each other. One part of the table gives no information about any other part. |
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Term
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Definition
| First, classify the population into strata. Then choos a separate SRS in each stratum and combine the SRSs to form the full sample. |
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Term
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Definition
| A population of similar individuals. |
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Term
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Definition
| Division of the population into smaller groups. These should mirror the characteristics of the population |
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Term
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Definition
| First, divide into clusters. Then chose an SRS of the clusters. All the individuals in the chosen clusters are included in the sample. |
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Definition
| When some groups in the population are left out of the process of chosing the sample. |
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Definition
| When an individual chosen for the sample can't be contacted of refuses to participate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Observation of individuals and measurment of variables of interest. Doesn't attempt to influence the responses. |
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Term
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Definition
| Deliberately imposes some treatment on individuals to measure the responses. |
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Term
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Definition
| A variable that is not among the explanitory or response variables in a study, but it may still influence a result. |
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Term
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Definition
| When two variables are associated in such a way that their effects on a response variable cannot be distinguished from each other. |
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Term
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Definition
| Specific condition applied to the individuals in an experiment. |
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Term
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Definition
| The smallest collection of individuals to which treatments are applied. |
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Term
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Definition
| When experimental units are often humans. |
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Term
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Definition
| Experimental units are assigned to treatments at random, using some sort of chance process. |
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Term
| Completely Randomized Design |
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Definition
| Treatments are assigned to all of the experimental units completely by chance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Neither the subject or those who interact with them and measure the response know which treatment a subject recieved. |
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Term
| Statictically Significant |
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Definition
| Observed effect so large that it would rarely occur by chance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Group of experimental units that are known before the experiment to be similar in some way. It is expected to affect the response to the treatments in some way. |
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Term
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Definition
| The random assignment to experimental units to treatments is carried out separately within each block. |
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Term
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Definition
| When one party knows which treatment is recieved and the other party doesn't know. |
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Term
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Definition
| A "fake treatment" that some experiments use for a control group. It helps prevent confounding. |
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Term
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Definition
| Some patients that recieve a placebo get better because they expect the treatment to work even though they have recieved an inactive treatment. |
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