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AP Stat Chapter 13
Designing Experiments
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11th Grade
09/15/2008

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Term
Observational Study
Definition
Observing without imposing a treatment (surveys are a type)
Term
Experiment
Definition
Deliberately imposing a treatment on individuals and observing their responses
Term
The Three Principles of Experimental Design
Definition
Conrtol, Randomization, Replication
Term
Control
Definition
Anticipate confounding variables and control for them
Term
Randomization
Definition
Use chance to assign individuals to groups or treatments
Term
Replication
Definition
Enough subjects in study to reduce effects of chance variation
Term
Factor
Definition
Explanatory variables in study, can have multiple levels
Term
Comparative Experiment
Definition
Trying to find what extent the explanatory variable has on the response variable
Term
Confounding
Definition
Two variables are confounded when you cannot tell which one (or both) had the effect
Term
Lurking
Definition
A variable is lurking if it drives two other variables
Term
Block Design
Definition
Blocks help control confounding variables. Blocking creates groups that are similar with respect to the blocking factors. Treatments assigned randomly within each block.
Term
Matched Pairs
Definition
Type of blocked design. Two treatments. Each block 2 similar units/individuals.
OR
One individual has both treatments one after the other. Randomize to see which one goes first.
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