Term
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Definition
| scientific study of mental processes and behavior |
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Term
| structuralism vs functionalism |
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Definition
| self examination / mental process used to adapt |
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Definition
| sex & aggression. unconcious. |
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Definition
| respond to hereditary and environmental structures |
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Definition
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| industrial/organizational psychologist |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| study mental processes and human behavior |
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Definition
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Definition
| observing your own emotions |
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Definition
| nature (genes) vs. nurture (all other influences), psychology's biggest issue |
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Term
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Definition
| the “scientific study of observable behavior”. rejected introspection |
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Term
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Definition
| human behavior and humans' freedom and potential for personal growth. |
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Definition
| how people learn and remember, how they comprehend and produce language, and how they reason and make decisions |
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Definition
| studies, asseses, and treats people with psychological disorders |
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Definition
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Definition
| sports and exercise, performance, motivation, and benefits of sports and athletics |
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Definition
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Definition
| an organized set of principles that explain observed phenomena |
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Term
| independent/dependent variable |
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Definition
| variable that is manipulated / relies on change of IV |
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Definition
| all members of a class/set from which a sample may be drawn |
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Definition
| everyone in a population has an equal chance of being studied |
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Definition
| not exposed to manipulation of independent variable |
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Definition
| expectations of researcher influence the results or what is recorded |
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Term
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Definition
| substance give in place of a drug |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| most common in set of data |
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Term
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Definition
| number that represents the strength of the relationship between variables |
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Definition
| ask people about their thoughts/behaviors/opinions; data collected through interviews and questionaires. reliability and validity issue |
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Definition
| something occurred by chance |
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Term
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Definition
| an idea to explain something, hasn't been tested |
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Term
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Definition
| studied that are repeated often under different conditions in order to ensure reliability |
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Term
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Definition
| smaller part of population that is to be studied |
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Term
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Definition
| the group exposed to the manipulation of independent variable |
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Term
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Definition
| definition of a variable in terms of the set of methods/procedures used to measure/study the variable |
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Term
| single blind vs double blind |
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Definition
| the group tested doesn't know / both researcher and tested group don't know |
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Term
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Definition
| how efficient information is |
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Term
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Definition
| graph with normal distribution |
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Term
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Definition
| the middle in a set of data |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| study to test a hypothesis |
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Term
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Definition
| detailed research on person, group of people |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| peripheral nervous system |
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Definition
| nerves that connect your spinal cord to the rest of your body. |
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Term
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Definition
| connects the brain and spinal cord to the voluntary muscle system, it is part of the peripheral nervous system |
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Term
| parasympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
| controls reflexes. example: digestion |
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Term
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Definition
| recognizing objects and remembering items, if damage you cant put two things together. |
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Term
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Definition
| both sides of the brain (like relative to where the ear is). it is responsible for JUDGEMENT, SPACIAL CONSTRUCTION TASKS, AUDITORY INFO. ALL sound info registers here |
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Term
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Definition
| responsible for movement, coordination and balance |
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Term
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Definition
| magnetism, radio waves and computer to produce images of body structures. |
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Term
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Definition
| made of brain and spinal cord. carries electrical impulses between your brain and your muscles and sensory organs allowing for movement, vision, touch and other senses |
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Term
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Definition
| connects the brain and spinal cord to involuntary muscles and glands. |
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Term
| sympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
| accelerates heart rate, constricts blood vessels and raise blood pressure, fight or flight, part of the autonomic nervous system. |
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Term
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Definition
| back of your head. VISION, sense and neural impulse for sight register |
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Term
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Definition
| holds motor cortex, very thin strip on the back of the lobe. key component in personality, wit and emotional control. |
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Term
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Definition
| heart rate, breathing and blood pressure, reflexes |
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Term
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Definition
| relay sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the brain under the thalamus that controls feeding behaviour, drinking behavior, body temperature, sexual behavior, threshold for rage behavior, activation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, secretion of hormones of the pituitary, helps determine biological rhythms such as menstrual cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the limbic system of the brain that enables formation of new long-term memories for facts and personal experiences |
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Term
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Definition
| area in the left temporal lobe that is responsible for understanding language and making meaningful sentences |
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Term
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Definition
| branching tubular processes of a neuron that have receptor sites for receiving information |
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Term
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Definition
| a fatty covering of the axon made by glial cells which speeds up conduction of the action potential |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical messengers released by the terminal buttons of the presynaptic neuron into the synapse |
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Term
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Definition
| a neurotransmitter that stimulates the hypothalamus to synthesize hormones and affects alertness, attention, and movement; |
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Term
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Definition
| neurotransmitters similar to the opiate morphine that relieves pain, and may induce feelings of pleasure |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical messenger that travels through the blood to a receptor site on a target organ |
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Term
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Definition
| endocrine glands atop kidneys, Adrenal cortex, the outer layer, produces steroid hormones such as cortisol which is a stress hormones |
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Term
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Definition
| system of neural structures involved in emotional behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the limbic system of the brain that influences emotions such as aggression, fear, and self-protective behaviors; is involved in the storage of emotional memories |
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Term
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Definition
| area in the left frontal lobe that controls production of speech |
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Term
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Definition
| basic unit of structure and function of the nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| a long fiber covered in myelin, extending from the cell body of a neuron that transmits an action potential and that branches and ends in tips called terminal buttons that secrete neurotransmitters |
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Term
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Definition
| region of communication between the transmitting presynaptic neuron and receiving postsynaptic neuron or muscle or gland |
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Term
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Definition
| neurotransmitters are removed from the synapse by being pumped back into the axon terminals that first released them |
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Term
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Definition
| a neurotransmitter associated with arousal, sleep, appetite, moods, and emotions |
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Term
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Definition
| glands that produce endocrine secretions that help to control bodily metabolic activity |
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Term
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Definition
| master gland; endocrine gland in brain that produces stimulating hormones |
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Term
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Definition
| modifiability of neural connections that enables new synapses which results in storing and retrieval of memories of one part of the brain taking over the function of another damaged region |
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Term
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Definition
| endocrine gland in neck that produces thyroxin which stimulates and maintains metabolic activity |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the brain under the thalamus that controls feeding behaviour, drinking behavior, body temperature, sexual behavior, threshold for rage behavior, activation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, secretion of hormones of the pituitary, helps determine biological rhythms such as menstrual cycle |
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Term
|
Definition
| part of the limbic system of the brain that enables formation of new long-term memories for facts and personal experiences |
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Term
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Definition
| area in the left temporal lobe that is responsible for understanding language and making meaningful sentences |
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Term
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Definition
| branching tubular processes of a neuron that have receptor sites for receiving information |
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Term
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Definition
| a fatty covering of the axon made by glial cells which speeds up conduction of the action potential |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical messengers released by the terminal buttons of the presynaptic neuron into the synapse |
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Term
|
Definition
| a neurotransmitter that stimulates the hypothalamus to synthesize hormones and affects alertness, attention, and movement; |
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Term
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Definition
| neurotransmitters similar to the opiate morphine that relieves pain, and may induce feelings of pleasure |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical messenger that travels through the blood to a receptor site on a target organ |
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Term
|
Definition
| endocrine glands atop kidneys, Adrenal cortex, the outer layer, produces steroid hormones such as cortisol which is a stress hormones |
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Term
|
Definition
| system of neural structures involved in emotional behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the limbic system of the brain that influences emotions such as aggression, fear, and self-protective behaviors; is involved in the storage of emotional memories |
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Term
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Definition
| area in the left frontal lobe that controls production of speech |
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Term
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Definition
| basic unit of structure and function of the nervous system |
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Term
|
Definition
| a long fiber covered in myelin, extending from the cell body of a neuron that transmits an action potential and that branches and ends in tips called terminal buttons that secrete neurotransmitters |
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Term
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Definition
| region of communication between the transmitting presynaptic neuron and receiving postsynaptic neuron or muscle or gland |
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Term
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Definition
| neurotransmitters are removed from the synapse by being pumped back into the axon terminals that first released them |
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Term
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Definition
| a neurotransmitter associated with arousal, sleep, appetite, moods, and emotions |
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Term
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Definition
| glands that produce endocrine secretions that help to control bodily metabolic activity |
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Term
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Definition
| master gland; endocrine gland in brain that produces stimulating hormones |
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Term
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Definition
| modifiability of neural connections that enables new synapses which results in storing and retrieval of memories of one part of the brain taking over the function of another damaged region |
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Term
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Definition
| endocrine gland in neck that produces thyroxin which stimulates and maintains metabolic activities |
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Term
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Definition
| process of receiving, converting, and transmitting raw sensory information to the brain. |
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Term
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Definition
| process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensory information. |
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Term
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Definition
| converts the sensory stimuli into neural impulses that are sent on to the brain. |
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Term
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Definition
| smallest amount of a stimuli we can detect. |
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Term
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Definition
| minimal difference needed to detect a stimulus change |
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Term
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Definition
| expands to let light in, colored part of eye |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| detect shades of gray and are responsible for peripheral vision / responsible for color vision and fine detail |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized cells that connect rods and cones to ganglion cells |
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Term
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Definition
| point of entry of the optic nerve on the retina, insensitive to light |
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Term
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Definition
| three chambered, snail-shaped structure in the inner ear containing the receptors for hearing |
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Term
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Definition
| sensory system for posture and orientation |
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Term
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Definition
| analysis of the stimulus begins with the sense receptors and works up to the level of the brain and mind. |
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Term
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Definition
| sweet, salty, sour, bitter |
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Term
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Definition
| information processing guided by higher-level mental processes as we construct perceptions, drawing on our experience and expectation |
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Term
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Definition
| clear protector of the eye that lets light in |
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Term
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Definition
| opening in the eye that lets light travel to the retina |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| nerve cells that project visual information from the eyes |
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Term
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Definition
| cells in the retina whose axons form the optic nerve |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| studies how people perceive and experience objects as whole patterns |
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Term
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Definition
| our awareness of ourselves and the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams occur |
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Term
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Definition
| periods of not breathing in your sleep |
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Term
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Definition
| remembered storyline of a dream |
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Term
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Definition
| reduce neural activity and slow body functions |
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Term
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Definition
| psychedelic drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images without sensory input |
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Term
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Definition
| done without you realizing it, not aware of |
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Term
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Definition
| body needs a drug, withdrawals without drug |
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Term
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Definition
| biological clock of regular body rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| disorder where you can't sleep |
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Term
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Definition
| sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and terror, not a nightmare |
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Term
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Definition
| underlying meaning of a dream |
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Term
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Definition
| excite neural activity and speed up body functions |
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Term
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Definition
| compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse effects |
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Term
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Definition
| diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, |
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Term
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Definition
| stage of sleep where rapid eye movement does not occur |
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Term
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Definition
| any relatively permanent change in behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| something that evokes a reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| a biological response, not learned |
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Term
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Definition
| repsonse to a conditioned stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| the conditioned stimulus gradually loses the ability to evoke a conditioned response when it is no longer follewed by an unconditioned stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| understanding the difference of two things |
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Term
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Definition
| the process in learning in which consequences of a response determine the probability that the response will be repeated |
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Term
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Definition
| works to increase a behavior by removing an unpleasant stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of learning in which two stimulus events become associated in such a way that the occurance of one reliably predicts the occurance of another |
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Term
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Definition
| evokes an unconditional (automatic) response the first time it's presented |
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Term
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Definition
| neutral stimulus repeatedly paired with unconditioned stimulus until it evokes a response |
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Term
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Definition
| stimulus which does not evoke an automatic response |
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Term
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Definition
| conditioned response to a stimulus similar to the conditioned stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| response with no reward/punishment is weakened |
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Term
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Definition
| works to increase a behavior by adding a pleasant stimulus |
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Definition
| biological, such as food or water, that evokes a reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| reinforces after being associated with the primary enforcer |
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Term
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Definition
| a method of positive reinforcement in operant conditioning |
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Term
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Definition
| subject gets a reward based on the interval of time |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of time varies for the reward to be given |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| discovered classical conditioning. dogs salivated from thing other than meat normally associated with recieving meat |
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Term
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Definition
| shaping, the skinner box, stimulus/event that increases the probability that the response it follows will be repeated |
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Term
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Definition
| works to decrease a behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| a reward is given for the completion of a set number of behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of behaviors rquired for the reward varies |
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Term
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Definition
| learned behaviors aren't shown immediately |
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Term
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Definition
| something that has learned to behave helplessly after a bad experience |
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Term
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Definition
| bobo doll experiment, violent behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| works to increase behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| persistence of learning overtime |
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Term
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Definition
| keeping, organizing thoughts |
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Term
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Definition
| encoding, storage, retrieval |
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Term
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Definition
| everything from the senses |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| breaking down into smaller groupings |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| motor skills, procedures for doing things |
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Term
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Definition
| clear memory of significant events |
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Term
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Definition
| must retrieve information alone |
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Term
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Definition
| information interferes with memory |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the smallest unit of language that has meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| study of meaning in a language |
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Term
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Definition
| language determines the way you think and see the world |
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Term
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Definition
| babies 4 months old, innate because even deaf babies do it |
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Term
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Definition
| requires attention and conscious effort |
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Term
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Definition
| includes both phoenetics and syntax |
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Term
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Definition
| follows soon after the Two word stage, child makes sentences that only contain the content words necessary to convey meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| requires attention and effort for automatic processing |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| repetition of information |
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Term
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Definition
| 18-20 months, two word sentences |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| framework that organizes and interprets information |
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Term
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Definition
| must identity among other things |
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Term
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Definition
| first and last items on a list |
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Term
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Definition
| mental activites associated with thought, decision making, language and other higher mental activities |
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Term
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Definition
| the smallest unit of sound that affects the meaning of speech |
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Term
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Definition
| the set of rules that determine how words are combined to make phrases and sentences |
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Term
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Definition
| kids overuse language rules |
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Term
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Definition
| things get in the way of your memory |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 10-12 months old, can only use one word at a time |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| your brain forgets unpleasant thoughts |
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Term
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Definition
| behavior is motivated by sex or hunger |
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Term
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Definition
| An internal deficiency that may energize behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| internal needs or valued goals, for example, hunger, thirst, or a drive for success |
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Term
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Definition
| the value of a goal above and beyond its ability to fill a need |
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Term
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Definition
| self-starvation or a loss of appetite that has psychological origins |
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Definition
| excessive eating followed by self-induced vomiting and/or taking laxatives |
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Definition
| motivation based on personal enjoyment of a task or activity |
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Term
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Definition
| motivation based on obvious external rewards, obligations, or similar factors |
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Term
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Definition
| physiological arousal, changes in facial expression, gestures, posture, and subjective feelings |
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Term
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Definition
| emotional feelings follow bodily arousal and come from awareness of such arousal |
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Term
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Definition
| activity in the thalamus causes emotional feelings and bodily arousal to occur simultaneously |
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Term
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Definition
| emotions occur when physical arousal is labeled or interpreted on the basis of experience and situational cues |
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Term
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Definition
| emotional strain as a result of something |
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Term
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Definition
| competitiveness, hostility, a constant sense of time pressure and impatience, |
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Term
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Definition
| relaxation, low focus on achievement and ability to take time to enjoy leisure. |
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Term
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Definition
| will result in positive experiences |
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Term
| maslow's hierarchy of needs |
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Definition
| ordering of needs based on their presumed strength or potency |
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Term
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Definition
| weight towards which one naturally shifts |
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Term
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Definition
| genitals engorged with blood |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| sexual release. contractions. |
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Term
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Definition
| engorged genitals release blood. coming down time. |
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Term
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Definition
| preference for sexual relationships |
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Term
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Definition
| a state of being totally balanced |
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