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| describe, understand, predict and control |
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| general framework for scientific study; smaller aspects can be tested |
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| theories led to comparative psychology, inspired early functionalists |
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| ‘father of psychology’, first scientific lab |
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| the process of looking into yourself and describing what is there |
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| the first theoretical school in psychology, stated that all complex substances could be separated and analyzed into component elements |
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| psychodynamic approach, emphasis on the unconscious |
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| wrote ‘Principles of Psychology’, a functionalist , coined the phrase‘stream of consciousness’ |
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| asked what the mind does and why, believed that all behavior and mental processes help organisms to adapt to a changing environment |
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| behaviorist, Little Albert |
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| emphasized the organizational processes in behavior, rather than the content of behavior, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts |
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| the process of making your own system by borrowing from two or more other systems. |
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| viewing behavior as the result of nervous system functions and biology |
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| neurobiological approach (medical) |
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| view behavior as the product of learning and associations |
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| behaviorist, operant conditioning |
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| believe people are basically good and capable of helping themselves. |
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| a system of viewing the individual as the product of unconscious forces |
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| emphasizing how humans use mental processes to handle problems or develop certain personality characteristics |
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| behavior viewed as strongly influenced by the rules and expectations of specific social groups or cultures |
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| a ‘medicine’ with no active ingredients |
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| neither participants or researchers know who is in which group |
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| a statement of the results that the experimenter expects |
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| people or animals in the experiment |
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| factor that the experimenter manipulates in a study |
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| the factor in a study that changes as a result of changes in the IV |
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| factors that may cause the DV to change other than the IV |
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| research that takes place outside the laboratory |
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| the group that gets the changes in the IV |
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| this group is for comparison and doesn’t get the changed IV |
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| method of research using questions on feelings opinions, or behavior patterns |
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| a group that represents a larger group |
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| research method that involves studying subjects without their being aware that they are being watched |
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| a research method that involves studying people face to face and asking questions |
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| research that collects lengthy, detailed info. About a person’s background, usually for treatment |
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| looks at different age groups at the same time in order to understand changes that occur during the life span |
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| studies the same group of people over a long period of time |
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| results of a test or study must be reproducible |
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| measures what the psychologist wishes to measure |
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| the extent to which a test measures something – a theoretical construct |
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| refers to how effective a test is in predicting an individual’s behavior in other specified situations (ex. SAT) |
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| criterion-related validity |
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| telling subjects all features of the experiment prior to the study |
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| used to measure sampling error, draw conclusions from data, and test hypotheses (ex. T-test, chi-squares, analyses of variance) |
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| answer the question what is the data, include measures of central tendency |
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| how the data spreads across a graph (range, standard deviation, Z- |
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| the relationship between two sets of scores, range between +1.00 and –1.00, the closer to 1 the stronger the correlation |
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| a way of expressing a score’s distance from the mean in terms of the standard deviation |
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