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AP Psych: Terms and Definitions
N/A
50
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
05/06/2012

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
describe, understand, predict and control
Definition
4 goals
Term
general framework for scientific study; smaller aspects can be tested
Definition
theory
Term
theories led to comparative psychology, inspired early functionalists
Definition
Charles Darwin
Term
‘father of psychology’, first scientific lab
Definition
Wilhelm Wundt
Term
the process of looking into yourself and describing what is there
Definition
Introspection
Term
the first theoretical school in psychology, stated that all complex substances could be separated and analyzed into component elements
Definition
Structuralism
Term
psychodynamic approach, emphasis on the unconscious
Definition
Sigmund Freud
Term
wrote ‘Principles of Psychology’, a functionalist , coined the phrase‘stream of consciousness’
Definition
William James
Term
asked what the mind does and why, believed that all behavior and mental processes help organisms to adapt to a changing environment
Definition
Functionalist
Term
behaviorist, Little Albert
Definition
John B. Watson
Term
emphasized the organizational processes in behavior, rather than the content of behavior, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts
Definition
Gestalt psychology
Term
the process of making your own system by borrowing from two or more other systems.
Definition
Eclecticism
Term
viewing behavior as the result of nervous system functions and biology
Definition
neurobiological approach (medical)
Term
view behavior as the product of learning and associations
Definition
Behavioral approach
Term
behaviorist, operant conditioning
Definition
B. F. Skinner
Term
believe people are basically good and capable of helping themselves.
Definition
Humanistic approach
Term
Carl Rogers
Definition
a humanist
Term
a system of viewing the individual as the product of unconscious forces
Definition
Psychoanalysis
Term
emphasizing how humans use mental processes to handle problems or develop certain personality characteristics
Definition
Cognitive approach
Term
behavior viewed as strongly influenced by the rules and expectations of specific social groups or cultures
Definition
sociocultural approach
Term
a ‘medicine’ with no active ingredients
Definition
placebo
Term
neither participants or researchers know who is in which group
Definition
double-blind study
Term
a statement of the results that the experimenter expects
Definition
Hypothesis
Term
people or animals in the experiment
Definition
subjects
Term
factor that the experimenter manipulates in a study
Definition
independent variable
Term
the factor in a study that changes as a result of changes in the IV
Definition
dependent variable
Term
factors that may cause the DV to change other than the IV
Definition
cofounding variable
Term
research that takes place outside the laboratory
Definition
field experiments
Term
the group that gets the changes in the IV
Definition
experimental group
Term
this group is for comparison and doesn’t get the changed IV
Definition
control group
Term
method of research using questions on feelings opinions, or behavior patterns
Definition
survey
Term
a group that represents a larger group
Definition
sample
Term
research method that involves studying subjects without their being aware that they are being watched
Definition
naturalistic observation
Term
a research method that involves studying people face to face and asking questions
Definition
interview
Term
research that collects lengthy, detailed info. About a person’s background, usually for treatment
Definition
case study method
Term
looks at different age groups at the same time in order to understand changes that occur during the life span
Definition
cross-sectional method
Term
studies the same group of people over a long period of time
Definition
longitudinal method
Term
results of a test or study must be reproducible
Definition
reliability
Term
measures what the psychologist wishes to measure
Definition
validity
Term
the extent to which a test measures something – a theoretical construct
Definition
construct validity
Term
refers to how effective a test is in predicting an individual’s behavior in other specified situations (ex. SAT)
Definition
criterion-related validity
Term
telling subjects all features of the experiment prior to the study
Definition
Informed consent
Term
used to measure sampling error, draw conclusions from data, and test hypotheses (ex. T-test, chi-squares, analyses of variance)
Definition
Inferential statistics
Term
answer the question what is the data, include measures of central tendency
Definition
Descriptive statistics
Term
average
Definition
mean
Term
middle number
Definition
median
Term
most frequent number
Definition
mode
Term
how the data spreads across a graph (range, standard deviation, Z-
Definition
variability
Term
the relationship between two sets of scores, range between +1.00 and –1.00, the closer to 1 the stronger the correlation
Definition
correlation
Term
a way of expressing a score’s distance from the mean in terms of the standard deviation
Definition
z-score
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