Term
|
Definition
-Believed that the main factors influencing a child's development were sibling influences and child-rearing practices
-birth order
-inferiority complex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Described personality in terms of fundamental traits and identifiable behavior patterns |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Observational Learning
-Social-Cognitive Theory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-A French physician who reported that after damage to a specific area of the left frontal lobe a person would struggle to speak words while still being able to sign familiar songs and comprehend speech.
-Damage=cannot form a sentence, but know the words |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Universal Grammar
-Language acquisition device
-Said that children acquire untaught words and grammar at a rate too extraordinary to be explained solely by learning principles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Advocated an aggressive rational-emotive therapy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Came up with psychoanalytic (dynamic) theory, psychosexual stages
-Idea of unconscious motivations that influence personality
-id, ego, superego |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Came up with 8 intelligences
-Views intelligences as multiple abilities that come in packages
-Came up with idea of savant syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Studied gender differences
-Said females tend to be less concerned with viewing themselves as separate individuals and in being more conerned with "making connections" |
|
|
Term
| David Hubel and Torsten Weisel |
|
Definition
-Greatly expanded the knowledge of sensory processing
-Cat experiments with the primary visual cortex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Father of Modern Psychology
-wrote the first psychology textbook, Principles of Psychology
-functionalist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Sought to describe the development of moral reasoning (right & wrong)
-Posed moral dilemmas and asked children, adolescents, and adults if action was right or wrong
-Proposed 3 basic levels of moral thinking (preconventional, conventional, postconventional) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Studied the attachment process of imprinting
-Ducklings follow the first thing they see; human children do not do this |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Humanistic psychologist that propsed a hierarchy of needs
-Physiological(bottom) --> Safety --> Love and Belonging --> Esteem --> Self-actualization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Father of classical conditioning
-Pavolov's dogs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Showed than an animal can learn the PREDICTABILITY of an event
-If the animal learns an expectancy, an awareness of how likely it is that unconditioned stimulus will occur
-Experiments with rats and tones and lights |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -designed the most widely used projective test, a set of 10 inkblots; seeks to identify people's inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Proposed learned helplessness
-Experiment with dogs trapped--could or could not escape |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Three Intelligence Theory
1. Analytical (academic problem-solving) intelligence
2. Creative intelligence
3. Practical intelligence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Behaviorist, defined psychology as "the scientific study of observable behavior"
-did experiments with "Little Albert" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Came up with linguistic determinism: language determines the way we think |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Says if physiological arousal(emotions) are too high, it is difficult to complete a task |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Designed strange situation experiments and studied attachment differences in children |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Line Study
-Studied conformity
-Right 99% of the time when asked to match the standard line alone
-Confederate=somebody who appears to be another test subject, but is in on the experiment
-When placed in a group and asked to determine lies, 37% of responses conformed to those of the group, 75% conformed at least once |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Created an intelligenced scale designed to distinguish among "mentally deficient" children in the Paris school system
-Mental age: method of estimating a child's intellectual progress by comparing child's IQ score to the scores of average children of the same age |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Created the law of effect: the principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Scientifically studied his own learning and forgetting of novel verbal material using nonsense syllables |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Created 8 Stages of social development
-Contended that each stage of life has its own psychosocial task, a crisis that needs a resolution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Had a rod shot through his frontal lobe
-Learned that frontal lobe does not control any vital function that is necessary to live |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -With Sperry, split the brains of cats and monkeys--no serious ill effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Bred monkeys with his wife
-Noticed that monkeys had an intense attachment to blankets---CONTACT COMFORT
-Infrant monkeys much preferred contact with the comfortable cloth mother, even while feeding from the nourishing mother |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Says our brains interpret specific physiological changes as feelings or emotions
1. Stimulus triggers different physiological changes in your body
2. Your brain interprets different patterns of physiological changes
3. Different physiological changes produce different emotions
4. You may / may not show observable responses
-More than one emotion correlates with one physiological response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Believed that the collective unconscious was the driving force in personality development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Made up the 5 stages of death and dying
1. Denial
2. Anger
3. Bargaining
4. Depression
5. Acceptance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Performed many memory studies
-Traffic accident reconstruction: Recall a more serious accident than had witnessed
-Experimented with implanting false memories of childhood traumas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Social psychologist who perfomed experiments on obedience
-"teacher" and "learner" shock experiment
-63% of subjects went to 450 volts; everyone went to 300 volts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Studied cognitive development in children
-3 main contributions to psychology
1. how children acquire knowledge: children intrinsically motivated to explore
2. logical flaws in thinking
3. stages of cognitive development (Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Humanistic Psychologist
-Emphasized the importance of current environmental influences on our growth potential and the importance of having our needs for love and acceptance satisifed
-Self-actualizing tendency: inborn tendency for us to develop captacities in ways that maintain and benefit our lives
-Need for positive regard
-self-concept |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Two-Factor Theory
-Views Emotions as having 2 factors: physiological arousal and cognition
-Cognitions are used to interpret the meaning of physiological reactions to outside events |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Father of Operant Conditioning
-a behaviorist, defined psychology as "the scientific study of observable behavior"
-Elaborated on the law of effect
-Developed behavioral technology that revealed disciplines of behavioral control |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-studied iconic memory
-flashed a group of letters for 1/20 of a second, people could only recall about half of the letters. When signaled to recall a particular row immediately after the letters had disappeared, they could do so with near-perfect accuracy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Created the WAIS (Adult Intelligence Scale) and the WISC (Intelligence Scale for Children)
-the primary clinical instruments used to measure adult and adolescent intelligence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Father of Psychology
-Structuralist
-Introspection
-Made machine that measured the time lag between people's hearing a ball hit a platform and their pressing a button |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Prison Study--designated students as guards and prisoners
-Guards had disparaging attitudes, cruel
-Prisoners broke down and rebelled
-Experiment called off after six days |
|
|
