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Definition
| Preventing dangerous impulses from being expressed in behavior by exaggerating opposite behavior |
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| Wavering in intention or feelings |
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| Retreating to an earlier stage of development or to earlier, less demanding habits or situations |
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| Attributing one's own feelings, shortcomings or unacceptable impulses ot others |
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Definition
| Counteracting a real or imagined weakness by emphasizing desirable traits or seeking to excel in the area of weakness or in other areas |
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| Working off frustrated desires or unacceptable impulses in substitute activities that are constructive or accepted by society |
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| General Adaption Syndrome |
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Definition
| A series of bodily reactions to prolonged stress, occurs 3 stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion |
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Definition
| The school of thought concerned with analyzing sensations and personal experience into basic elements |
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Definition
| Tendency of an observer to distort observations or perceptions to match his/her expectations |
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| Error of attributing human thoughts, feelings, motives to animals. esp. way of explaining their behavior |
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Definition
| Existence of consistent, systematic relationship between 2 events, measures varaiables |
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Definition
Subjects unaware
Subjects and experimenters unaware |
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Definition
| False and acquitted system that personality traits revealed with shape of skull |
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Definition
| Tendency to consider a personal description accurate if it is stated in general terms |
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Definition
| Split-second perfect photograph of a scene |
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Definition
| Perfect brief memory for sounds |
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| Three-box/information-processing model |
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Definition
| Sensory, Short-term/working, and long-term memory |
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Term
Sensory memory
George Sperling |
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Definition
| Split-second holding tank. George Sperling flashed grid of 9 letters 1/20th of a second. could recall numbers perfectly |
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Term
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Definition
| talking to someone at party, but hear you name, FIRE attn goes to that |
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Term
Short-term/working memory
Chunking |
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Definition
memories currently working with and are aware of in our consciousness
Mnemonic devices (memory aids) one is chunking, put what you need to remember in groups no more than 7. rehearse or repeat |
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Term
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Definition
| Memories of specific events, stored in sequential series of events |
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Definition
| General knowledge of the world, stored as facts, meanings, or categories rather than sequentially |
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Definition
| Memories of skills and how to perform then memories sequential, hard to describe in words |
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Term
| Explicit (declarative) memories |
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Definition
| Usually think of first, actively try to remember them |
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Term
| Implicit (non-declarative)memories |
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Definition
| Unintentional memories, may not realize we have |
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Term
| Levels of Processing Model |
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Definition
| deeply (elaboratively), processed or shallowly (maintenance) processed |
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Term
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Definition
| Two kinds: recognition (matching current event with one already in memory) and recall (retrieving memory with external cue) |
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Term
Primary Effect
Recency Effect |
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Definition
More likely to recall things at the beginning of the list
Ability to recall things at the end of list |
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Term
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Definition
| Importance of event causes us to encode the context surrounding the event |
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| Retroactive/Proactive Interference |
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Definition
New info interferes with recall of old
Older info interferes with recall of new |
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Term
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Definition
| Cannot encode new memories, procedural memory stored elsewhere, can learn new skills cerebellum |
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Term
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Definition
| neurons can strengthen connections btwn each other. repeat firings, receiving neuron become more sensitive to messages from sending neuron related to connections in long-term |
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Term
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Definition
| Smallest unit of sound/smallest unit of meaningful sound |
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Term
Holophrastic stage
Telegraphic speech |
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Definition
Speak in single words
Meaning clear, syntax absent |
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Term
| Noam Chomsky/Nativist theory of language acquisition |
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Definition
Humans born with language acquisition device
Ability of children to learn lang. rapidly, window of learning a lang. |
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Term
| Benjamin Whorf/Linguistic relatively hypothesis |
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Definition
| Language controls, limits our thinking |
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Term
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Definition
Rule guarantees right solution, formula or fool proof method
Rule of thumb, rule that is generally true can be used to make judgment |
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Term
| Availability heuristics/representativeness heuristics |
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Definition
Judging situation based on examples of similar situations that come to mind initially
Judging situation based how similar the aspects are to prototypes the person has in mind |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Inability to see use for object |
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Convergent thinking
Divergent thinking |
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Definition
thinking pointed towards one solution
searches for multiple possible answers, creativity |
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Definition
| Respond more quickly/accurately to questions they have seen before |
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