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two almond shaped neural clusters
emotion |
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| an impairment of language |
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Definition
| not involved in sensory or motor functions, instead, they are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking |
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area in the frontal lobe
muscle movements involved in speech |
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the “little brain” attached to the rear of the brainstem
helps coordinate voluntary movement and balance |
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| An intricate covering of the interconnected cells that forms a thin surface layer on the cerebral hemispheres |
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| Computed tomography scan (CT or CAT) |
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connects the brain hemispheres
carries messages between |
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| Electroencephalogram (EEG) |
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Definition
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Definition
| speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments |
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| in the nervous system that are not neurons but that support, nourish, and protect neurons |
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| tissue destruction in the brain |
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Definition
| a doughnut-shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres |
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| Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
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Definition
| magnetic fields and radio waves |
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Definition
| controls heartbeat and breathing |
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| controls voluntary movements |
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| receives visual information from opposite visual fields |
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Definition
| includes the sensory cortex |
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| the brain’s capacity for modification |
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| Positron emission tomography scan (PET) |
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Definition
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| a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal |
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Definition
| a condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers between them |
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Definition
| a condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers between them |
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Definition
| receive auditory information from the opposite ear |
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Definition
| the brain’s sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem. It directs messages to a sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla |
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Definition
| involved in language comprehension and expression |
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Definition
| A neurotransmitter that, among its functions, triggers muscle contraction |
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Definition
| A neurotransmitter that, among its functions, triggers muscle contraction |
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Definition
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| A pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys. The adrenals secrete the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine, which help to arouse the body in times of stress. |
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Definition
| They excite by mimicking a particular neurotransmitter or blocking its reuptake. |
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| A neuron either fires or it doesn’t. |
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Definition
| They inhibit by blocking neurotransmitters or by diminishing their release. |
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| involuntary muscle movements |
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Definition
| involuntary muscle movements |
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Definition
| The extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages are sent to other neurons or to muscles or glands. |
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| A branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior. |
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Definition
| This enables the brain to fence out unwanted chemicals circulating in the blood. |
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Definition
| The brain and spinal cord. |
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Definition
| The bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body. |
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Definition
| The body’s “slow” chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream. |
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Definition
| “Morphine within”- natural, opiate like neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure. |
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Definition
| Chemical messengers that are produced in one tissue and affect another. |
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Definition
| Central nervous system neurons that internally communicate and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs. |
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Definition
| Electrically charged atoms. |
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Definition
| The neurons that carry outgoing information from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands. |
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| A layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next. |
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Definition
| Neural “cables” containing many axons. These bundled axons, which are part of the peripheral nervous system, connect the central nervous system with the muscles, glands, and sense organs. |
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Definition
| The body’s speedy, electrochemical communication system, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems. |
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Definition
| Interconnected neural cells. With experience, networks can learn, as feedback strengthens or inhibits connections that produce certain results. |
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Definition
| A nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system. |
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Definition
| Chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons. When released by the sending neuron, neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing whether it will generate a neural impulse. |
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Term
| Parasympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
| The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy. |
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Term
| Peripheral nervous system |
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Definition
| The sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body. |
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Definition
| The endocrine system’s most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands. |
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Definition
| A simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus. |
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Definition
| Resting pause during which the neuron pumps the positively charged sodium atoms back outside. |
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Definition
| Positive-outside/negative-inside polarization. |
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Definition
| Neurons that carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the central nervous system. |
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Definition
| The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal muscles. |
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| Sympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
| The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations. |
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Definition
| The junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron. The tiny gap at this junction is called the synaptic gap or cleft. |
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Definition
| The junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron. The tiny gap at this junction is called the synaptic gap or cleft. |
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Definition
| The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse. |
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