Term
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Definition
| in psychoanalysis, the analyist's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight. |
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Term
| regression towards the means |
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Definition
| the tendency for extremes of unusual scores to fall back (regress) toward their average. |
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Term
| electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) |
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Definition
| a biomedical therapy for severly depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient. |
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Definition
| a now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients; the procedure cut the nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain. |
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Definition
| in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material. |
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Definition
| a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies. |
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Definition
| a humanisitic therapy, developed by Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening with a genuine, accepting, empathetic environment to facilitate clients' growth. |
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Term
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Definition
| in psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent). |
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Term
| systematic desensitization |
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Definition
| a type of counterconditioning that associates a pleasamt relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli; commonly used to treat phobias. |
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Term
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Definition
| surgery that removes or destroys brain tissues in effort to change behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| empathetic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies; a feature of Rogers' client-centered therapy. |
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Definition
| Freud's therapuetic technique; based on the belief that the patient's free associateions, resistences, dreasm, and transferences--and the interpretations of them--released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight. |
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Definition
| prescribed medical procedures that act directly on the patient's nervous system. |
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Definition
| a popular integrated therapy that combines coginitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior). |
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Term
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Definition
| behavioral techniques such as systematic desensitization, that treats anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actuality) to the things they fear or avoid. |
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Term
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Definition
| an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy. |
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Definition
| therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors. |
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Definition
| an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibitng a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privelages or treats. |
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Definition
| the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior. |
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Definition
| a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as smoking). |
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Definition
| a behavior therapy feature that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors; based on classical conditioning; includes exposure therapy and aversive conditioning. |
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Term
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Definition
| therapy that treats the family as a system; views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other family members; attempts to guide family members toward positive relationships and improved communication |
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Term
| repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) |
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Definition
| the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or surpress brain activity. |
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Term
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Definition
| therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions. |
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Term
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Definition
| involuntary movement of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target D2 dopamine receptors. |
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Term
| virtual reality exposure therapy |
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Definition
| an anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders or public speaking. |
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Term
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Definition
| an emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties. |
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