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| reward deficiancy syndrome |
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Definition
| genetically disposed deficiancy in the natural brain systems for pleasure and well being that leads people to crave whatever provides that missing pleasure or relieves negatives feelings. |
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| part of the brain that produces the sleep-inducing chemical, melatonin. |
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| cognitive-development theory |
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Definition
| dream theory that dreams are a natural part of brain development. |
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| opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety. |
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| the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state. |
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| drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes. |
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| visual and auditory areas |
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Definition
| the two brain areas that demonstrate hightened activity during REM sleep. |
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Definition
| the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep. |
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| a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued. |
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| social interaction in which a hypnotist suggests that a subject will experience certain feelings or thoughts, for example. |
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| a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, these occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered. |
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Definition
| The person who discovered hypnosis. |
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Definition
| According to Freud, most are symbolic of: |
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Definition
| a sleep disorder characterized by temporary ceasations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings. |
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Definition
| an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations. |
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Definition
| a diminishing effect with regular use of the same drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drugs effect. |
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Definition
| a psychological need touse a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions. |
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Definition
| psychedelic, "mind-manifesting" drugs such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absense of sensory input. |
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Definition
| what does rapid eye movement signal? |
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| the neurotransmitter that isn't produced due to a lack of neural centers in the hypothalamus. |
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Definition
| a split in consciousness whichallows thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others. |
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Definition
| hypnosis theory that the existence of a separate consciousness takes place during hypnosis. |
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Definition
| hypnosis theory that hypnosis reflects the workings of normal consciousness, and is influenced by the people around you. |
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Definition
| periodical, natural, reversible loss of consciousness--as distinct form unconsciousness resulting from coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation. |
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Definition
| the major active ingredient in marijuanal triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations. |
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Definition
| periodic physiological fluctuations. |
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Definition
| the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakening during REM sleep). |
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Definition
| compulsive drug craving and use. |
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Definition
| a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur; also known as paradoxical sleep because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other bodily fluid systems are active. |
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Definition
| stimulant drug that depletes the supply of dopamine, seratonin, and norepinephrine in the brain. |
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Definition
| a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors. |
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Definition
| the presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact. |
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Definition
| according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream; Freud believed that this functions as a safety valve. |
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Definition
| interrupted circadian rhythm due to traveling across time zones. |
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Term
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Definition
| what 2 things are sharpest at the peak of one's circadian arousal? |
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Definition
| the presumption that the mind and body are different aspects of the same thing. |
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Definition
| a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide). |
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Definition
| chemical produced in the pineal gland in the brain that triggers the sleep cycle. |
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Definition
| drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and Ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up bodily functions. |
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Definition
| the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle. |
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Definition
| how mcuh of a night's sleep is REM sleep? |
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Definition
| the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug. |
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Definition
| how often does the sleep cycle repeat itself? |
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Definition
| dream theory that dreams provide the brain with needed stimulation. |
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Term
| (1) hear rate rises, (2) breathing becomes rapid and irregular, (3) eyes dart around |
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Definition
| the three main bodily changes that occur during REM sleep are: |
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Term
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Definition
| according to Freud, the remembered storyline of a dream (as distinct from the hidden messages). |
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Term
| activation-synthesis theory |
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Definition
| dream theory that dreams are elicited by random bursts of neural activity in the lower regions and that they are the brain's attempt at making sense of this activity. |
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Definition
| a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen; prodeuces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to seratonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition. |
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Definition
| drugs (such as alcohol, barbituates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions. |
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Definition
| a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels. |
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Term
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Definition
| facilitates the resetting of a disrupted biological clock by triggering proteins in the retina to signal the brain's pineal gland to increase or decrease its production of melatonin. |
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Term
| seasonal affective disorder (SAF) |
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Definition
| a common disorder in the far northern regions that is characterized by a depressed winter mood. |
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Term
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Definition
| hypnosis theory that during hypnosis there is a split between different levels of consciousness. |
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Definition
| releases growth hormone during, particularly in child and adolescents. |
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Term
| information-processing theory |
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Definition
| dream theory that dreams process daily information and facilitate memory. |
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Term
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Definition
| what do people show signs of if they sleep less than 9 hours for several nights in a row. |
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Definition
| false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absense of an external visual stimulus. |
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Definition
| bursts of brain-wave activity that occur during Stage 2 sleep. |
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Definition
| a chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood. |
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Term
| first in Stage 3, increasingly during Stage 4 |
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Definition
| what sleep stage(s) do delta waves occur? |
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Term
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Definition
| drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement. |
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Definition
| a persistent difficulty falling asleep. |
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Term
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Definition
| brief hallucinations that often occur during Stage 1 sleep. |
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Term
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Definition
| a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks, the sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times. |
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Definition
| brain system, influenced by genetics that predisposes some to alchoholism. |
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Term
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Definition
| our awareness of ourselves and our environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| a sequence of sensations, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind; notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer's delusional acceptable for the content and later difficulties remembering it. |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the brain that produces the sleep-inducing chemical, melatonin. |
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