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AP Psychology Test Review
The first two chapters of key terms from Peter Gray's book
25
Psychology
12th Grade
10/02/2007

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Term
Mind
Definition
Individuals sensations, perceptions, memories, thoughts, dreams
Term
dualism
Definition
Humans consist of two distinct but conjoined entities- a material body, and an immaterial soul.(seventeenth century)
Term
Psychology
Definition
The science of behavior and the mind
Term
Descartes
Definition
Wrote Treatise of Man and The passions of the soul, Descartes believed in Dualism, but he believed that many of the duties that were thought to be assigned to the soul were actually assigned to the body
Term
Behavior
Definition
refers to observable actions of an individual person or animal
Term
Descartes' dualism
Definition
-Believed that more things were mechanical
-Since Church dualism said that animals were machines, he used this as proof that the things that animals and humans both did must be mechanical
- Humans had thought ( concious deliberation and judgement) animals dont
Term
Pineal Body
Definition
small place between the two hemispheres of the brain that is the place where concious thought occurs.
Term
materialism
Definition
there is no soul. All there is is matter and energy. All human behavior, including voluntary choices can be understood in terms of physical processes in the body.
Term
Hobbes
Definition
Came along around the same time as Descartes
- In his book Leviathon, he created materialism
Term
Empiricism
Definition
Hobbe's work inspired this school of thought
-the idea that all human knowledge and thought ultimately derive from sensory experience.
- the human mind consists of basic units which originate from sensory experiences. These elementary ideas become associated in certain ways baised on the pattern of sensory experiences
Term
nativism
Definition
elementary ideas are innate to the human mind and do not need to be gained through experience
Term
Reflexology
Definition
all human behavoir is because of reflexes,even "volutary" actions occur because of complex string of reflexes
- spokesperson= Sechenov
Term
Physiology
Definition
the science of the bodies machinery
Term
localization of function
Definition
diff parts of the brain serve diff functions of mental processes and behavior
Term
Wundt
Definition
considered the founder of scientific psychology
- worked on the time it took to process info
-foundations for cognitive psychology
Term
Titchener and Structuralism
Definition
proper goal of psuch is to identify the elements of the mind and determine how they combine with one another
-study elementary concious experiences, which he considered the minds "building blocks"
Term
introspection
Definition
looking inside oneself as a way to study psych-titchner was a fan of this method
Term
William James
Definition
created FUNCTIONALISM
opposite of structuralism; look at the big picture first
-influenced by darwin
Term
Watson
Definition
studied animals, like rats
Founder of BEHAVIORISM
believed that studying the mind only obscured the explanation of behavior
Term
ethology
Definition
study of animal behavior in their natural environment
Term
Gestault psych
Definition
the mind must be understood in the terms of organized wholes, not elementary parts
ex. when you see a chair, you see A CHAIR, and then the parts
Term
Freud
Definition
Psychoanalysis
bringing memories out to patients convious attention so they could deal with them.
-unconcious mind
Term
cultural psych
Definition
study of psychological differences among peeps from diff cultural groups and the influence said cultures have on their thoguhts, feelings, behavior
Term
social psych
Definition
the attempt to understand and explain how the thought, feeling, and behavior of individuals arer influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others
Term
Chomsky
Definition
linguist
innate capacities for language
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