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| Evidence gathered by careful observation, experimentation, and measurement |
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| Discipline concerned with behavior and mental processes and how they are affected b an organism's physical state, mental state, and external environment |
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| Ability adn willingness to assess claims and make objective judgments on the basis of well-supported reasons and evidence, rather than emotions and anecdote. |
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| pseudoscience and quackery covered ba veneer of psychological and scientific-sounding language |
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| After the 14th century philospher who first formulated it. Reads your palm and predicts that soon something will happen. |
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| greek for "study of the mind" became wildly popular in Europe and America argue taht different brain areas accounted for specific character and personality traits - such as stinginess and religiosity. |
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| Trained in medicine and philosophy. Announced that he intended to make psychology and science - his laboratory was the first to have something published on psychology in a journal. |
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| Tried to analyze sensation, images, feelings into basic elements. |
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| Emphasized the function or purpose of behavior instead of description |
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| American philosopher, physician, and psychologist who argued that searching for building blocks of experience, as Wundt and Titchener tried to do was a waste of time. The brain is constantly changing |
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| Argued that a biologist can't just describe, but also need to figure out how these attributes enhance survival. |
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| Obscure neurologist who decided many of symptoms of his patients were not just physical but mental. |
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| Theory of personality and a method of psychotherapy. Many Freudian concepts still are rejected, but had a profound influence on the philosophy. |
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| Focuses on how bodily events affect behavior, feelings, and thoughts |
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| follows the tradition of functionalism by focusing on how genetically influenced behavior that was functional or adaptive during our evolutionary past may be reflected in many of our present behaviors, mental processes, and traits. |
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| Concerned with how the enviornment and experience affect a person's or animal;s actions |
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| Emphasizes what goes on in people's heads - how people reason, remember, and understand language, solve problems, explain experiences, aquire moral standards, and form beliefs |
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| Sociocultural Perspective |
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| Focuses on social and cultural forces outside the individual - forces that shape every aspect of behavior from how we kiss to what and where we eat. |
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| Does not invoke the mind or mental state to explain behavior, they stick to what they can observe and measure directly |
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| Social-cognitive Learning Theorist |
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| Combine elements of behaviorism with research on thoughts, values, expectations, and intentions. |
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| Examine how cultural rules and values both explicit and unspoken can affect people's development, bahavior, and feelings. |
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| Psycho dynamic Perspective |
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| deals with unconscious dynamics within the individual such as inner forces, conflicts, or instinctual energy. |
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| rejected the two dominant pschological approahces of the time, psychoanalysis and behaviorism. Human behavior is not comletely determined by either unconscious conflicts or the enviornment People are capable of free will and therefore have the ability to make more of themselves than either psychoanalysts or behaviorism would predict. Goal is to express themselves creatively and acheive their full potential |
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| Women documented evidence of pervasive bias in the research methods used and in the very questions that researchers had been asking. |
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| providing health or mental health services |
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| Concerned with practical uses of knowledge |
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| Experimental Psychologist |
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| Conduct laboratory studies of learning, motivation, emotion, sensation and perception physiology and condition. |
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| Study psychological principles that explain learning and search for ways to improve educational systems. |
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| Developmental psychologists |
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| study how people change and grow over time- physically, mentally, and socially. |
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| Industrial/Organizational Psychologists |
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| study behavior in the workplace. They are concerned with group decision making, employee morale, work motivation, productivity, job stress, personnel selection, marketing strategies, equipment desig, and many other issues |
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| Psychometric Psychologists |
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| Design and evaluate tests of mental abilities, aptitudes, interests, and personality. Nearly all of us have ahd firsthand expereicen with one or more of these tests in school, at work, or in the military. |
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| Generally help people deal with problems of everyday life, such as test anxiety, family conflicts, or low job motivation |
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| Diagnose, treat, and study mental or emotional problems.Trained to do psychotherapy with severely disturbed people as well as with those who are simply troubled or unhappy |
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| Anyone who does any kind of psychotherapy - anyone can say he or she is a therapist without any training |
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| Person who practices one particular form of therapy, psychoanalysis. Must have specialized training and undergo extensive psychoanalysis yourself. |
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| Medical Doctor who has done a three year residency in psychiatry to learn how to diagnose adn treat mental disorders under the supervision of more experience physicians. |
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