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| the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating. |
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| a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people. |
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best example of a particular category. |
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| a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrasts with the usually speedier-but also more error prone-use of heuristics |
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a problem solving strategy used a mental shortcut to quickly simplify and solve a problem, but does not guarantee a correct solution. |
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| sudden and oftem novel realization of the solution to a problem |
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a tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions. Example: the assumption that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction and that Iraq posed an immediate threat. |
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an inability to approach a problen in a new way. Example: matchstick problem mental set and functional fixedness |
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| refers to a tendenct to contune applying a problem solving strategy even when it is no longer helpful. |
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is a type of fixationin which a person can think of things only in terms of therir usual functions. example: using a dime for a screw driver. |
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| representativeness heurisitcs |
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| is the tendency to judge the likelihood of things in terms of how well they confrom to one's prototype. |
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| is based on estimating the probility of certain events in terms of how readily they come to mind. |
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| refers to the tendency to overestimate the accuracy of one's beliefs and judgements. |
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| refers to the way an issue or question is posed. It can affect people's perception of the issue or answer to the question. |
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| is the tendency for a person's preexisting beliefs to distort his or her logical reasoning. |
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| the tendency for people to cling to a particular belief even after the information that led to the formation of the belief is discredited. |
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