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| the science that deals with mental processes and behavior |
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| father of modenr or scientific psychology. Created first psych laboratory in 1879. Structuralism was the approach and introspection was the methodology |
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| Learned helplessness is the giving up reaction that occurs from the experience that whatever you do you cannot change your situation. In Schindler's List, the main character explains to Schindler that no matter what she does she recieves the same punishment |
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| Father of operant conditioning. Behaviorist who worked with pigeons and his famous skinner box. believed psychology was not scientific enough. Wanted it to be more observable. Believed you could teach anyone that we are born tablea rasa, blank slates. Was not concerned with unconscious or causes, only behavior. |
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| Founder of behaviorism, who applied classical conditioning skills to advertising. Most famous for Little Albert Experiment where he trained Albert to be afraid of rats first and then generalizes his fear to all little white furry things. |
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| Systemetic desensitization. SHe maintained that fear could be unlearned. We could teach little Albert to be unafraid of rabbits. Little Peter experiment |
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| Another behaviorist, believed we learn from observation and imitation Social Learning Theory. You see your parents hit and you learn to hit, not to be dissuaded from your behavior. Bobo Doll Experiment |
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| The monkey experiment. Looked at attachment in young monkeys. the monkeys would go to the cuddly mother not the wire monkey, even though the wire one fed him/her. Also experimented on the effects of social isolation in young monkeys and observed that they become severely emotionally disturbed and never recover fully even when re-introduced to siblings or mother later. |
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| Father of classical conditioning. Worked with slobbery dogs. when they associated the bell with the food, they would drool at the bell. Unconditioned stimulus = naturally occurring stimulus that creates a natural or reflexive response, called the unconditioned response. Once a neutral creates that same response, the resoponse becomes the conditioned response and the neutral becomes the conditioned stimulus. |
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| Law of Effect. Basis for operant learning. Every voluntary behavior has an effect (consequence) and that favorable consequences lead to a more of that behavior and vise versa. |
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| Father of Psychoanalysis. Believed the unconscious mind comprised of repressed conflicts and innate drives for sex and aggressionare the primary motives for our behavior and personalities. Believed lack of resolution (fixations) during certain psychosexual stages is the cause of anxiety in adulthood. |
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| Psychoanalytical school, believe in personality development in early childhood. Saw humans as craving love and social interaction which drove their needs, unlike sex for Freud. Also balanced out the Freudian view of women, whom Freud thought were just hysterical and weird. (he once called them the dark continent) |
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| The first to conduct scientific studies on memory and forgetting. Learning curves |
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| Neo-Freudian similar to Horney in that he believed childhood social not sexual tensions are crucial for personality formation. Thought that we are primarily searching for self-esteem and achieving the ideal self |
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| Cognitive (dealing with thinking and internal sentences) psychologist and father of RationalEmotive therapy, tring to change irrational thought process like, "if i fail the AP exam my life will come to an end." |
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| Cognitive psychologist who studied the cognitive development of children. Saw development as going through a series of stages, sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete-operational and formal operational. Assimilation and accommodation are the main processes that achieve cognitive growth and development. Maturation is assumed to be necessary ingredient for mental development. Others say no, is continuous not discreet stages. |
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| Psychoanalytical psychologist who saw people as going through a series of conflicts at different stages of development and the resolution of those conflicts determine your behavior and mental health. For instance in adolescents you either become identity achieved or identity confused or somewhere in between. Study all 9 stages and approximate ages. |
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| Studied adolescent stage of Erikson. Divided the adolescent into four groups: Foreclosed(having parents identity), achieved (your own identity), diffused(not even searching, day to day liver) or moratorium (actively searching for identity) |
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| Thought that as we developed, we go through levels of moral development as well. There are three stages: preconventional(reward and punishment), conventional (follows convention), and post-conventional (belief in universal rights and wrongs, regardless of laws.) his theory focuses on moral reasoning rather than overt behavior |
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