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| Came up with Rational Emotive Therapy |
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| Rational Emotive behavior therapy |
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| Rational emotive behaviour therapy focuses on uncovering irrational beliefs which may lead to unhealthy negative emotions and replacing them with more productive rational alternatives |
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| Inferiority complex- people develop personality to make up for physical deficits |
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| An important neurologic examination based upon what the big toe does when the sole of the foot is stroked. If the big toe goes up, that may mean trouble. |
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| Cannon's critique of James-Lange theory |
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| The physiological changes accompanying qualitatively different emotions are often very similar. |
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The proposition that emotions are caused by bodily sensations. body reaction-->emotion |
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People feel emotions first and then act upon them (acting includes physiological responce) Emotion --> body reaction |
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| Critiqued Kolhberg's theory that there is a moral ladder--such an idea is male dominated. She believed that people, especially women, move up and down the ladder and sometimes focus on social health over theoretical ethics. |
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interpersonal person – group inter-group internal |
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| Animals supposedly have intelligence equal to humans |
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| The cerebral cortex is a structure within the brain that plays a key role in memory, attention, perceptual awareness, thought, language, and consciousness |
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| movement, language, memory |
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The parietal lobe integrates sensory information, determines spatial sense and navigation. |
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| studies across people of different ages |
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emotional intelligence is more important than other kinds |
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most common treatment for depression |
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| tryclyclic antidepressants |
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| intuitive assumptions regarding stereotypes of group, may not be correct |
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| a hypothetical means by which memory traces are stored |
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| Wiegal's research on visual processing |
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| The sensory system breaks down the incoming stimuli into its features and processes the information. Some features may be more important for recognition than others. |
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| experimental design which supposedly enables people who claim to have. mental telepathy to read the minds of others |
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| "Genotype" is an organism's full hereditary information, even if not expressed. "Phenotype" is an organism's actual observed properties, such as morphology, development, or behavior |
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| detects only sweet, salty, sour, bitter |
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| a short-term improvement caused by observing worker performance. |
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| identification v. internalization |
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identification- Freud used 'identification' to describe how his patients related to other people internalization-we incorporate aspects of the outside world to form components of our own psyche, generally of morals, norms, and their taboos. |
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| Induced motion is the altered perceived velocity/direction of target motion by background motion |
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| internal consistancy reliability |
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| Internal consistency estimates reliability by grouping questions in a questionnaire that measure the same concept- used to judge the consistency of results across items on the same test |
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limits of conditioning 1. rats can develop aversions even if the sickness comes well after eating the food 2. they develop aversions to food, but not to sounds, sights, etc. 3. can develop aversion even after only one trial |
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| Girls envy male power, not body parts. (take that Freud) |
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| Limbic system structures and fuctions |
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Amygdala- strong emotions Hippocampus- memory Hypothalamus-blood pressure, heart rate, hunger, thirst, sexual arousal, and the sleep/wake cycle thalamus- message center |
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| Study aimed at establishing linkage between genes |
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| is the persistent increase in synaptic strength following high-frequency stimulation of a chemical synapse-- suggests learning |
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| the patient's social environment is manipulated for his benefit |
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| What is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Test used for? |
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identifying personality structure help identify personal, social, and behavioral problems in psychiatric patients. aid in problem identification, diagnosis, and treatment planning for the patient. |
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| viewing a moving visual stimulus for about a minute and then looking at stationary stimulus. The stationary stimulus appears to move slightly |
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| apparent shift of an object against the background that is caused by a change in the observer's position |
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| role of hypothalmus in obesity |
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| controls hunger, may release lepin-->less hunger |
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| operationalizing a definition |
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| defining a fuzzy concept so as to make the concept measurable in form of (variables) consisting of specific observations |
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| opponent-process theory of emotions |
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| When one emotion is experienced, the other is suppressed. If you are feeling afraid, you can't feel relieved at the same time. |
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| opponent-process theory of visual processing |
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afterimages view one color, suppress the opposite |
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| location where ganglion cell axons exit the eye to form the optic nerve |
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| type of neuron typically located near the inner surface of the retina of the eye that receives visual information from photoreceptors via two intermediate neuron types (bipolar cells and amacrine cells). |
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| how to treat panic attacks |
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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy anti-anxiety medication- benzodiazepine antidepressants paper-bag breathing |
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| is a genetic disorder that is characterized by an inability of the body to utilize the essential amino acid, phenylalanine |
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The smallest unit of a natural language, according to the structural grammarian, is the phoneme. A phoneme is a class of sounds Phonemes are combined to make morphemes. Morphemes are the minimal meaningful units of a language. (Ex. dog) |
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pineal gland (function and what makes it unique) |
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| small endocrine gland in the brain; produces melatonin which regulates sleeping patterns |
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more probable behaviors will reinforce less probable behaviors. if a student wants to perform a given activity, the student will perform a less desirable activity to get at the more desirable activity. |
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projective test [image] The TAT is popularly known as the picture interpretation technique because it uses a standard series of 30 provocative yet ambiguous pictures about which the subject must tell a story. |
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projective inkblot test [image] |
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a psychotherapeutic approach which proposes that unrealistic and irrational beliefs cause many emotional problems. resolves emotional and behavioral problems and disturbances and enabling people to lead happier and more fulfilling lives. Ellis's form of cognitive behavioral therapy |
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| neural pathway that mediates a reflex action |
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| Robert Rescorla's findings on conditioning |
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| how you see yourself physically: male or female. |
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| how you see yourself socially as female or male |
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reinforcing successive approximations and not reinforcing behavior past approximating operant conditioning |
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| a psychological phenomenon whereby a highly persuasive message, paired with a discounting cue, causes an individual to be more persuaded by the message (rather than less persuaded) over time |
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| an individual's knowledge acquisition can be directly related to observing others within the context of social interactions, experiences |
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| Physical symptoms that seem as if they are part of a general medical condition, however no general medical condition, other mental disorder, or substance is present. |
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| Major somatoform disorders |
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| Pain disorder – appears largely to come from the patients psychological factors Conversion disorder – is where the patient’s senses of mobility are impaired with no cause only stress being the main factor. Hypochondriasis – you think you're sick. is mostly related to the stresses that one faces in life, it is marked by fear and lack of assurance. |
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Where is the somatosensory cortex located? What sense is it used for? |
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Located in the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe on the outside of the brain Used for touch (pressure, warm/cold, pain) |
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| Schachter's Two Factor Theory |
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| a social psychology theory that views emotion as having two components (factors): physiological arousal and cognition- label the emotion |
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| a genetic disorder, fatal in its most common variant |
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What sense doesn't get routed through the thalamus? |
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| The thyroid controls how quickly the body burns energy, makes proteins, and how sensitive the body should be to other hormones |
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| Instead of the normal XX sex chromosomes for a female, only one X chromosome is present and fully functional |
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role of hypothalamus lets us know when we are thirsty |
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| William Penfield research on the brain |
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| he treated patients with severe epilepsy by destroying nerve cells in the brain where the seizures originated; allowed him to create maps of the sensory and motor cortices of the brain |
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| a condition of being neither clearly male or female; having characteristics of both |
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Content validity: How representative of a content domain are items or tasks in a test? Are they a good sample of the total subject-matter content? Construct validity: How well does an instrument measure some theoretical construct of interest (usually in quotes). Do students who score high on "xyz" actually have a high performance on some activity? |
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| The vestibular sense tells you which way is up, how your body is oriented in relation to up, and how your body is moving in space |
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| a form of argument that contains a major premise, a minor premise and a conclusion. |
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| mental set- you go in to face a problem a certain way based on previous experiences |
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reserach on visual processing using cats if they lived with horizontal lines, they had trouble with vertical ones |
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| the first few items are recalled more frequently than the middle items |
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| Yerkes/Dodson Arousal Law |
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performance increases with physiological or mental arousal, but only up to a point [image] |
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