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AP Psychology Chapter 1
Vocab Terms
31
Psychology
12th Grade
08/28/2008

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Term
psychology
Definition
the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Term
theory
Definition
formulations of apparent relationships among observed events; allows us to derive explanations and predictions
Term
pure research
Definition
basic; has no immediate application to personal or social problems
Term
applied research
Definition
designed to find solutions to specific person or social problems
Term
introspection
Definition
careful examination of one's own thoughts and emotions
Term
structuralism
Definition
the school of psychology that argues that the mind consists of 3 basic elements- sensations, feelings, and images - that form from experience
Term
functionalism
Definition
the school of psychology that emphasizes the uses or functions of the mind rather than the elements of experience
Term
behaviorism
Definition
the school of psychology that defines psychology as the study of observable behavior and studies the relationships between stimuli and responses
Term
reinforcement
Definition
a stimulus that follows a response and increases the frequency of response
Term
gestalt psychology
Definition
the school of psychology that emphasizes the tendency to organize perceptions into wholes and to integreate separate stimuli into meaningful patterns
Term
insight
Definition
in gestalt psychology; the suddent reorganization of perceptions, allowing the sudden solution of a problem
Term
psychoanalysis
Definition
the school of psychology that emphasizes the importance of unconscious motives and conflicts as determinants of human behavior
Term
psychodynamic
Definition
referring to freud's theory- propses that the motion of underlying forces of personality determines our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
Term
genes
Definition
the basic building blocks of heredity
Term
instinctive
Definition
an inborn pattern of behavior that is triggered by a particular stimulus
Term
cognitive
Definition
having to do with mental processes such as senation and perception, memory, intelligence, language, thought, and problem solving
Term
humanism
Definition
the school of psychology that asserts that people are conscious, self-awware, and capable of free choice, self-fulfillment, and ethical behavior
Term
existentialism
Definition
the view that people are free and responsible for their own behavior
Term
social cognitive theory
Definition
a school of psychology in the behaviorist tradition that includes cognitives factors in the explanation and prediction of behavior
Term
cognition
Definition
the use of mental processes to perceive and mentally represent the world, think, and engage in problem solving and decision making
Term
socioculture perspective
Definition
the view that focuses on the roles of ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status in behavior and mental processes.
Term
ethnic group
Definition
a group characterized by common features such as cultural heritage, history, race, and language
Term
gender
Definition
the culturally define concepts of culinity and femininity
Term
correlation method
Definition
a mathematical method of determining whether one variable increases or descreases as another variable increases or decreases
Term
hypothesis
Definition
a specific statement about behavior or mental processes that is tested through research
Term
correlation
Definition
an association or relationship among variables
Term
selection factor
Definition
a source of bias that may occur in research findings when subjects are allowed to choose for themselves a certain treatment in a scientific study
Term
replicate
Definition
repeat, reproduce, copy
Term
generalize
Definition
to extend from the particular to the general, to apply observations based on a sample to a population
Term
sample
Definition
part of a population
Term
population
Definition
a complete group of organisms or events
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