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| scientific study of how we think about, influence and relate to one another. |
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| tend to give a causal explanation for someone's behavior, often by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition |
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| Fundamental Attribution error |
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| tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition |
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| belief and feeling that predisposes one to respond in a particular way to objects, people and events. |
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| foot-in-the-door phenomenon |
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| the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small requenst to comply later with a larger request |
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| cognitive dissonance theory |
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| we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent. When our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes. |
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| adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard |
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| normative social influence |
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| influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval |
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| informational social influence |
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| influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions without reality |
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| improved performance of task in the presence of others --> occurs with simple or well-learned tasks but not with tasks that are difficult or not yet mastered |
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| tendency for people in a group to exert less effort |
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| loss of self-awareness and self-restraing occuring in group situtations that foster arousal and anonymity |
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| mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives |
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| unjustificable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members --> Generally involves steriotyped beliefs, negative feelings and predisposition to discriminatory action |
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| "Us" - people with whom one shares a common identity |
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| "Them" - those perceived as different or apart from one's group |
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| tendency to favor one's own group |
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| theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame |
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| tendency of peopel to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and desrve what they get |
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| frustration-aggression principle |
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| frustration creates anger which can generate aggression |
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| perceived incompatibility of actions, goals or ideas |
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| situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior |
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| repated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them |
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| aroused state of intense positive absorption in another --> beginning of a love relationship |
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| deep affection/attachment we feel for those with whom our lives intertwined |
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| condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it |
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| revealing intimate aspect of oneself to others |
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| unselfish regard for the welfare of others |
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| any given bystander will be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present |
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| social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs |
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| shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation |
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| Graduated and Reciprocated Initiaves in Tension-Reduction- strategy designed to decrease international tensions |
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