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| "Know thyself" - examined personal thoughts/feelings. Believed knowledge is innate. |
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| Believed in empiricism (observation/experience = knowledge). Introduced associationism: connections between ideas/events. Human behavior is subject to universal rules |
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| Father of modern psychology. Founded the first psychology research laboratory. Founded the school of structuralism: study of the mind/consciousness. |
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| Published the first psycholog textbook. Believed experience is a continuous "stream of consciousness." Focused on experience and behaviors. Founded the school of functionalism: uses/adaptions/functions of the mind. |
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| Founded in Germany (1920s) by Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Kohler. Focuses on perception, thinking, and problem solving. Believes learning is accomplished by insight, not repetition. |
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| Denied a Ph. D from Harvard for being a woman, became the first female president of the APA |
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| First woman to receive a Ph. D in psychology, wrote a book on animal behavior research. |
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| Psychology theory based on the configurations on the skulls. Introduced by Franz Joseph Gall, now a defunct science |
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