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AP Psych Exam Review
Review
178
Psychology
11th Grade
05/28/2013

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Term
In which field would a psychologist conduct a series of interviews and assemble a battery of tests in order to detect and diagnose a learning disability?
Definition
School psychology
Term
Who played a key role in the development of the Humanistic perspective on psychology?
Definition
Carl Rogers
Term
Which psychologist might work as a consultant for a large financial services company?
Definition
An industrial organizational psychologist.
Term
Which perspective emphasizes on personal development and fulfillment of individual potential?
Definition
Humanistic
Term
The psychological perspective that describes behavior in terms of what bests suits an organism for successful reproduction and survival is...
Definition
Evolutionary
Term
According to the _______ perspective, unconscious motivations and desires shape much of human behavior.
Definition
Psychodynamic
Term
The first research in psychology investigated consciousness using a technique called...
Definition
Introspection
Term
A psychologist with a behaviorist perspective would study...
Definition
effectiveness of rewards for improving academic performance.
Term
In psychology, the word "Gestalt" refers to...
Definition
The organization of parts into a whole pattern.
Term
A liscenced clinical psychologist would most likely hold which of the following degrees?
Definition
Ph.D
Term
If achievement scores go down as the number of hours spent watching reality TV goes up, we say the relationship between scores and TV viewings are...
Definition
negative or inversive
Term
In an experiment, studying the effects of a new antidepressant medication, the amounts of the medication given to the participant are the...
Definition
Explanatory variable
Term
A response variable...
Definition
is measured after the treatment.
Term
This is the type of research that describes the strength and direction of relationships between variables.
Definition
Correlation
Term
If your research sample resembles the population you wish to generalize, we say that it is...
Definition
representative
Term
Which is the best method available for controlling placebo effects in both the subject and the experimenter?
Definition
Double blind conditions
Term
The ______ hypothesis states that there is no change, no difference, or no new findings.
Definition
null
Term
The only type of research that allows us to draw causal conclusions is...
Definition
experimental
Term
The practice of repeating experiments on different subjects or under different conditions is known as...
Definition
replication
Term
The APA code of ethics states that all participants must be given a full explination of the nature and purpose of any study after it's conclusion. This process is called...
Definition
debriefing
Term
The descriptive statistic that estimates the typical distance of any score from the mean is...
Definition
Standard deviation
Term
The "arithmetic average" is another term for the...
Definition
Mean
Term
Mental illnesses, ethnic background, and political affiliation are examples of _______ data.
Definition
Nominal
Term
The percentile rank of the median is...
Definition
50th
Term
A distrubution with a shape that is symmetrical around the mean with a bell shape is described as...
Definition
Normal
Term
If the correlation between income level and charitable giving is .82, the relationship between income and donations to charity is...
Definition
Strong and positive
Term
The sum of the differences around the mean is...
Definition
Zero (0)
Term
Which of the following structures controls the actions of the endocrine system?
Definition
Hypothalamus
Term
Which neurotransmitter is crucial for memory?
Definition
acetylcholine
Term
Voluntary movements are under the control of the...
Definition
somatic nervous system
Term
The primary auditory cortex is located in the ______ lobes.
Definition
Temporal
Term
Communication in the nervous system depends on ___________, which are electrical impulses that travel from neuron to neuron.
Definition
action potentials
Term
The most high quality of the soft tissues of the brain are provided by ______ scans.
Definition
MRI
Term
The thick bundle of axons that allow the left and right hemispheres to communicate is called the...
Definition
Corpus callosum
Term
Which function occurs almost exclusively in the left hemisphere?
Definition
language comprehension
Term
Stimulation of a cat's amygdala is most likely to result in...
Definition
increased aggression
Term
The greater amount of ________ coating the axon, the faster the nerve impulses will be transmitted to the synapse.
Definition
myelin
Term
A random error in gene replication is called a...
Definition
mutation
Term
A basically shy individual chooses the relatively shy solitary occupation of software design as a career. This is an example of:
Definition
Gene-environment interaction
Term
__________ is the branch of genetics that examines the genetic and environmental contribuations to personality characteristics and behavior.
Definition
Behavioral genetics
Term
When both parents' contribution to a gene pair are recessive, the pair is referred to as...
Definition
homozygous
Term
_______ are like the words that make up the "books" of instructions called chromosomes.
Definition
Genes
Term
__________ is an example of a disorder that is carried by a dominant gene.
Definition
Huntington's Disease
Term
Given a uniform environment, the extent to which trait variation can be attributed to differing genes is called...
Definition
heritability
Term
________ is a dominant or recessive variant of a particular gene.
Definition
An allele.
Term
Human traits are usually...
Definition
influenced by genes acting together.
Term
The effects of parental nurture begin to have an impact on offspring...
Definition
during the prenatal period.
Term
_______ is a sense that is linked to memories, especially strong emotional ones.
Definition
smell
Term
The fact that you see a red afterimage after staring at a green shape for one minute is evidence for the __________ theory of color vision.
Definition
Opponent-process
Term
The tough, transparent layer of your eye that bends the light waves as they enter it is called the...
Definition
cornea
Term
Amplitude is the energy of a soundwave, which we also call...
Definition
Loudness
Term
The optic nerve is composed of...
Definition
ganglion cells
Term
Most cases of hearing loss are caused by...
Definition
damage and old age.
Term
If you are forced to wear glasses that turn the world upside down for a week, by the end of the week you'll be able to see and move around with ease. This is an example of:
Definition
perceptual adaptation
Term
The receptors of balance are located in the...
Definition
Semicircular canals
Term
Although its effects are complex, the powerfully addictive drug nicotine is most accurately classified with the...
Definition
stimulants
Term
Proportionally to other sleep stages, humans get the most REM sleep...
Definition
in infancy
Term
Hallucinations are typical occurrences in...
Definition
Stage 1 Sleep
Term
Sleepwalking typically occurs in...
Definition
Stage 4 Sleep
Term
In recent decades, psychoanalyctic theories of dreaming have given way to...
Definition
information processing theories
Term
One legitimate clinical use of hypnosis is...
Definition
pain control
Term
Which of the following is a typical symptom of a substance dependence?
Definition
craving
Term
Monism is the theory that states that...
Definition
production of consciosness is one of the functions of the brain.
Term
The stage of sleep during which one will likely experience the most vivid dreaming is...
Definition
REM
Term
Left to nature's devices, most humans would sleep
Definition
8-9 hours
Term
Which of the following is a good example of a primary reinforcer?
Definition
food
Term
Your dog barks when a stranger rings the doorbell. In terms of classical conditioning, over the course of repeated ringing the doorbell has become a...
Definition
conditioned stimulus
Term
Your cough subsides when you take that nasty grape flavored cough syrup. You always take the syrup when you have a cough, because it works. This is an example of:
Definition
negative reinforcement
Term
A person gets caught driving while intoxicated and is given 2 months of cleaning at a local park. This is an example of:
Definition
Punishment
Term
A third grader recieves a gold star for each 100 percent on a spelling test. She works very hard to get more 100's on the tests. This is an example of:
Definition
Positive reinforcement
Term
Tom's dad died last year. Now, when Tom hears his dad's favorite song on the radio, he gets teary eyed. Tom's reaction to the song is a typical...
Definition
conditioned response
Term
A man just can't stop putting quarters in the slot machine. Although he loses more than he wins, the sound of the clicking coins drives him to play more and more. This is an example of:
Definition
Variable ratio reinforcement.
Term
"Rewarded behavior is likely to recur" is a simple statement of Thorndike's...
Definition
Law of effect
Term
The person who was caught driving while intoxicated also loses her liscense for 6 months. This is an example of:
Definition
Removal of privilege.
Term
Tolmans rats learned to run a maze simply by "hanging out" in it. They received no rewards for learning the maze. When they were able to run the maze just as fast, or faster than the other rats that were trained with operant procedures, Tolman presented his findings as evidence for the existence of...
Definition
mental maps
Term
Cognitive learning theories differ from strict behavioral ones is that they account for changes in...
Definition
mental processes
Term
One finding of Albert Bandura's research on observational learning was that...
Definition
children are more likely to imitate actions of a role model of a higher status.
Term
You learned the route to the supermarket as a young child from going on shopping trips with your parents. When your mom asks you to run an errand, you have no problem finding your way there. This is an example of:
Definition
latent learning
Term
The process of observing and imitating a specific behavior is called...
Definition
modeling.
Term
In the process of social and cognitive learning, ________ are not of central importance.
Definition
direct punishments or reinforcements.
Term
Neuroscientists have recently found a biological basis for observational learning in the functioning of ________ in the cerebral cortex.
Definition
mirror neurons.
Term
Kohler's chimp Sultan figured out how to get that tantalizing banana without extensive operant training. This is an example of:
Definition
insight learning.
Term
Judy sees her friend being admired by peers for bullying a smaller child. She then also bullies the same child. This is an example of:
Definition
vicarious conditioning.
Term
Damage to the ________ can result in damage in anterograde amnesia.
Definition
hippocampus
Term
The function of sensory memory is most succinctly described as the _________ of new information.
Definition
registering
Term
The material that you learn and retain form taking AP psychology course is representative of which type of long-term memory?
Definition
semantic
Term
You misplaced an item when you were upset about breaking up with your significant other. You don't remember where you put it until you were again upset when your friend blames you for the breakup. This is an example of:
Definition
state-dependent memory.
Term
Information that can be recalled without apparent conscious effort is classified as...
Definition
implicit memory.
Term
What is an example of relatively deep memory processing?
Definition
building a dollhouse for your little cousin.
Term
Even though you are happy about your new job, for the first month or so you answer the phone with the name of your former employer's firm. This is an example of:
Definition
proactive interference
Term
A factor that results in the decay of long-term memory is...
Definition
lack of use.
Term
The neural basis for learning and remembering associations involves the strengthening of potential neural firing and is called...
Definition
long-term potential.
Term
Tackling multiple choice questions relies primarily on the memory process known as...
Definition
recognizing.
Term
If you cant see that a paper clip was used to re-seal a bag of chips, you may be suffering from the effects of...
Definition
functional fixedness.
Term
We learned from the case of Phinaes Gage that the prefrontal cortex is vital for the processing of...
Definition
reasoning and emotional control.
Term
You are unlikely to yell "penguin" when asked on a game show to name a type of bird. This is because:
Definition
penguin doesn't fit the prototype of a bird.
Term
You only remember the one time a month when your horoscope seems right, and forget all the times when it is wrong or irrelevant. This is an example of:
Definition
confirmation bias.
Term
One of the least efficient methods of problem solving is the _________ method.
Definition
trial and error.
Term
If you decide that you will not buy any pair of jeans that costs more than $100, you are using ___________ for decision making.
Definition
a non-compensatory method.
Term
A person who can generate a new way of thinking about a problem or issue is manifesting...
Definition
divergent thinking.
Term
John decides that he doesnt want to go on a blind date with a computer programmer because he's heard that those people tend to be shy and dull. He is demonstrating a possibly incorrect judgement about the world that is based on...
Definition
The representative heuristic.
Term
The formation of hypotheses that is central to the scientific method is an activity involving...
Definition
inductive reasoning.
Term
The academic discipline that relies most heavily on algorithms for problem solving is...
Definition
mathematics.
Term
Nativist theorists believe that language is acquired and produced primarily through...
Definition
the operation of inborn universal grammar.
Term
Holophrases or one word sentences appear in the speech of babies between...
Definition
10-14 months.
Term
The rules for combining words into sensible sentences are called...
Definition
syntax
Term
22 month old Joey calls all 4 legged animals "doggie". This is an example of:
Definition
overgeneralization.
Term
On average, children learn from _________ words per year, from ages 1 through 18.
Definition
3500-5000
Term
As her pet cat runs out the door, 2 year old Mary yells "Kitty go!" This is an example of:
Definition
Telegraphic speech.
Term
Strings of one syllable sounds such as ma, la, and ba, are pronounced by most infants during a distinct stage of language acquisition called...
Definition
babbling
Term
The hypothesis of _______ states that language shapes the way people think about the world.
Definition
linguistic determinism
Term
3 yr old Sara tells you that she "goed" to the zoo today. This is an example of:
Definition
Overregularization.
Term
You are happy in your position as an assistant manager in a sales firm until two of your friends are promoted past you withing the last two months. Your happiness has been diminished by your sense of...
Definition
relative deprivation
Term
The base of Maslow hierarchy is
Definition
essential needs such as food and sleep.
Term
What is an example of a short term cue for eating?
Definition
food aroma.
Term
Research suggests that sexes differ in the _____ of emotion.
Definition
expression and decoding
Term
What is an example of intrinsic motivation?
Definition
Finishing schoolwork ahead of time to get extra credit.
Term
Which is a facial expression emotion that would most likely be recognized by every culture?
Definition
fear
Term
The aim of drive reduction is a physiological state called...
Definition
homeostasis
Term
The psychological scientists who would most likely subscribe to the incentive theory of motivation is...
Definition
B.F Skinner
Term
The idea that behavior is preprogrammed and biologically determined is called...
Definition
instinct theory
Term
When stress is linked to increased psychological disorders, it is referred to as...
Definition
toxic
Term
A man is coping as best as he can with an extended period of unemployment. He is experiencing the stage of general adaptation syndrome called...
Definition
resistance.
Term
Stress is best described as...
Definition
a process.
Term
Hypertension and headaches may be triggered by stress. These conditions are referred to as...
Definition
psychophysiological illnesses
Term
One of the best ways to extend life expectancy is to...
Definition
quit or avoid from smoking
Term
A person who experiences a high level of subjective well being and attributes successes to hard work and talent is said to demonstrate...
Definition
learned optimism
Term
________ has been shown to have a positive effect on mood.
Definition
aerobic exercise.
Term
One of the best ways to reduce stress is to find...
Definition
a social support group.
Term
Prolonged stress may cause vulnerability to illnesses by...
Definition
suppressing immune function.
Term
What is an example of an acute stressor?
Definition
a near miss car accident.
Term
If prenatal exposure to a substance leads to birth defects, the substance is called a...
Definition
teratogen.
Term
An educational psychologist tracks the academic progress of a group of Head Start students from ages 4-18. This research design is called...
Definition
Longitudinal comparison
Term
A time during which exposure to stimuli or experiences produces optimal results is called a....
Definition
critical period.
Term
A clinical child psychologist compares the depression scale scores of urban foster children who range from 5-12 years old. This research design is called...
Definition
Cross sectional
Term
The period of prenatal development from 2-8 weeks is called the __________ stage.
Definition
embryonic
Term
The cognitive dimension of development refers to...
Definition
how thinking evolves and matures.
Term
According to Piaget, by about age 6 or 7 children enter the ________ stage.
Definition
concrete operational.
Term
_______ refers to an orderly sequence of genetically designed biological growth processes.
Definition
maturation
Term
The average age of the earliest reported memory is roughly _______ years of age.
Definition
3.5
Term
According to Kohlberg, in the preconventional level of moral reasoning decisions are made based on...
Definition
reward and punishment.
Term
Normal aging typically doesn't include...
Definition
senility or dementia.
Term
A child will first recognize herself in a mirror at age _______.
Definition
15-18 months.
Term
If a child realizes he can play a trick on his Mom by hiding her shoes, he is demonstrating that he possesses...
Definition
theory of mind.
Term
An individuals feeling that the right time to get married is between ages 25-32 may be a reflection of...
Definition
the social clock.
Term
According to Piaget's theory, the ability to conserve mass and volume is characteristic of the...
Definition
concrete operational stage.
Term
The strong bond between infant and caregiver is referred to as...
Definition
attachment.
Term
According to Fraud's psychosexual theory of development, _______ in one of the childhood stages could cause personality problems in adulthood.
Definition
fixation
Term
According to Erikson, the central conflict in young adulthood is...
Definition
intimacy v. isolation
Term
According to Piaget, the basic unit of cognition or mental template is called...
Definition
a schema.
Term
Personal control, satisfaction and achievement matter more to a person who is raised in a __________ culture.
Definition
individualistic.
Term
A characteristic pattern of behavior or a deposition to feel and act is called...
Definition
a trait.
Term
According to the humanistic personality theory, optimal psychological adjustment is nurtured by unconditional positive regard which is defined as...
Definition
an attitude of acceptance toward others.
Term
Our tendancy to overestimate the extent to which others notice and evaluate our appearance and performance is called...
Definition
the spotlight effect.
Term
According to Freud's theory of personality, our primitive and instinctual motives are contained in the...
Definition
unconscious
Term
_______ is the term to describe a test that uses patient reactions to ambiguous stimuli in order to reveal inner psychological dynamics.
Definition
projective
Term
According to the "Big Five" model a person who is soft-hearted, trusting, and helpful would rate highly on the dimension calles...
Definition
agreeableness
Term
What is a good example of predictive validity?
Definition
A person who does well on the Law School admissions test does well in law school.
Term
Claude Steels research suggests that test performance can be depressed by the self fulfilling phenomenon called...
Definition
stereotype threat.
Term
What is an example of an intelligence test that would be administered on an individual basis?
Definition
Wechslers scale.
Term
If a test that is administered repeatedly to the same individual produces dramatically different scores on each administration, it is said to lack...
Definition
reliability.
Term
A tests that reflects the amount of knowledge you gained over the course of three highschool years would be referred to as an ___________ test.
Definition
achievement.
Term
Clusters of related test questions that measure common abilities are identified with a statistical procedure called..
Definition
factor analysis.
Term
A test that measures a quality or skill that it is designed to measure is said to possess...
Definition
validity.
Term
One's store of general factual and conceptual knowledge is referred to collectively as...
Definition
crystallized intelligence.
Term
According to Robert Sternberg, a person who does well in school would posses a high degree of _________ intelligence.
Definition
analytic.
Term
A typical behavior associated with a manic episode might include...
Definition
spending money lavishly and engaging in high risk behaviors.
Term
_________ are coded on Axis II of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV TR.
Definition
personality disorders.
Term
What is a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
Definition
Lack of effect.
Term
Which is an example of delusion?
Definition
Believing that the CIA is tapping your phone.
Term
A person who worries alot, avoids social situations, and has difficulty sleeping and concentrating might be diagnosed with...
Definition
an anxiety disorder.
Term
A clinician who believes that the symptoms of a psychological disorder are primarily learned would most likely be a...
Definition
behaviorist.
Term
There is evidence that the risk of schizophrenia is increased by...
Definition
eposure to viral illnesses during the second trimester of pregnancy.
Term
Women are more frequently diagnosed with _____________ than men are.
Definition
major depressive disorder.
Term
According to the American Psychiatric Association, a person who is experiencing significant personal distress and impared daily functioning would be considered to be...
Definition
experiencing a psychological disorder.
Term
Which group of people is at greater risk for a successful suicide attempt?
Definition
An elderly, recently widowed male.
Term
A psychotherapist who employs a combination of cognitive-behavioral and humanistic interventions and medication in conjunction with lifestyle modification would be referred to as...
Definition
eclectic.
Term
In psychoanalysis, if the patient rejects the therapists interpretation of fantasies and dreams, the person may said to be...
Definition
resistant.
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