Term
| In which field would a psychologist conduct a series of interviews and assemble a battery of tests in order to detect and diagnose a learning disability? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Who played a key role in the development of the Humanistic perspective on psychology? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which psychologist might work as a consultant for a large financial services company? |
|
Definition
| An industrial organizational psychologist. |
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Term
| Which perspective emphasizes on personal development and fulfillment of individual potential? |
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Definition
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Term
| The psychological perspective that describes behavior in terms of what bests suits an organism for successful reproduction and survival is... |
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Definition
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Term
| According to the _______ perspective, unconscious motivations and desires shape much of human behavior. |
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Definition
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Term
| The first research in psychology investigated consciousness using a technique called... |
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Definition
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Term
| A psychologist with a behaviorist perspective would study... |
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Definition
| effectiveness of rewards for improving academic performance. |
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Term
| In psychology, the word "Gestalt" refers to... |
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Definition
| The organization of parts into a whole pattern. |
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Term
| A liscenced clinical psychologist would most likely hold which of the following degrees? |
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Definition
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Term
| If achievement scores go down as the number of hours spent watching reality TV goes up, we say the relationship between scores and TV viewings are... |
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Definition
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Term
| In an experiment, studying the effects of a new antidepressant medication, the amounts of the medication given to the participant are the... |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| is measured after the treatment. |
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Term
| This is the type of research that describes the strength and direction of relationships between variables. |
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Definition
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Term
| If your research sample resembles the population you wish to generalize, we say that it is... |
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Definition
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Term
| Which is the best method available for controlling placebo effects in both the subject and the experimenter? |
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Definition
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Term
| The ______ hypothesis states that there is no change, no difference, or no new findings. |
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Definition
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Term
| The only type of research that allows us to draw causal conclusions is... |
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Definition
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Term
| The practice of repeating experiments on different subjects or under different conditions is known as... |
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Definition
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Term
| The APA code of ethics states that all participants must be given a full explination of the nature and purpose of any study after it's conclusion. This process is called... |
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Definition
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Term
| The descriptive statistic that estimates the typical distance of any score from the mean is... |
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Definition
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Term
| The "arithmetic average" is another term for the... |
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Definition
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Term
| Mental illnesses, ethnic background, and political affiliation are examples of _______ data. |
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Definition
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Term
| The percentile rank of the median is... |
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Definition
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Term
| A distrubution with a shape that is symmetrical around the mean with a bell shape is described as... |
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Definition
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Term
| If the correlation between income level and charitable giving is .82, the relationship between income and donations to charity is... |
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Definition
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Term
| The sum of the differences around the mean is... |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following structures controls the actions of the endocrine system? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which neurotransmitter is crucial for memory? |
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Definition
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Term
| Voluntary movements are under the control of the... |
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Definition
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Term
| The primary auditory cortex is located in the ______ lobes. |
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Definition
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Term
| Communication in the nervous system depends on ___________, which are electrical impulses that travel from neuron to neuron. |
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Definition
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Term
| The most high quality of the soft tissues of the brain are provided by ______ scans. |
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Definition
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Term
| The thick bundle of axons that allow the left and right hemispheres to communicate is called the... |
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Definition
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Term
| Which function occurs almost exclusively in the left hemisphere? |
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Definition
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Term
| Stimulation of a cat's amygdala is most likely to result in... |
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Definition
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Term
| The greater amount of ________ coating the axon, the faster the nerve impulses will be transmitted to the synapse. |
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Definition
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Term
| A random error in gene replication is called a... |
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Definition
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Term
| A basically shy individual chooses the relatively shy solitary occupation of software design as a career. This is an example of: |
|
Definition
| Gene-environment interaction |
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Term
| __________ is the branch of genetics that examines the genetic and environmental contribuations to personality characteristics and behavior. |
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Definition
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Term
| When both parents' contribution to a gene pair are recessive, the pair is referred to as... |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ are like the words that make up the "books" of instructions called chromosomes. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ is an example of a disorder that is carried by a dominant gene. |
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Definition
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Term
| Given a uniform environment, the extent to which trait variation can be attributed to differing genes is called... |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ is a dominant or recessive variant of a particular gene. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Human traits are usually... |
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Definition
| influenced by genes acting together. |
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Term
| The effects of parental nurture begin to have an impact on offspring... |
|
Definition
| during the prenatal period. |
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Term
| _______ is a sense that is linked to memories, especially strong emotional ones. |
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Definition
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Term
| The fact that you see a red afterimage after staring at a green shape for one minute is evidence for the __________ theory of color vision. |
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Definition
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Term
| The tough, transparent layer of your eye that bends the light waves as they enter it is called the... |
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Definition
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Term
| Amplitude is the energy of a soundwave, which we also call... |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The optic nerve is composed of... |
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Definition
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Term
| Most cases of hearing loss are caused by... |
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Definition
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Term
| If you are forced to wear glasses that turn the world upside down for a week, by the end of the week you'll be able to see and move around with ease. This is an example of: |
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Definition
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Term
| The receptors of balance are located in the... |
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Definition
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Term
| Although its effects are complex, the powerfully addictive drug nicotine is most accurately classified with the... |
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Definition
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Term
| Proportionally to other sleep stages, humans get the most REM sleep... |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Hallucinations are typical occurrences in... |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Sleepwalking typically occurs in... |
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Definition
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Term
| In recent decades, psychoanalyctic theories of dreaming have given way to... |
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Definition
| information processing theories |
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|
Term
| One legitimate clinical use of hypnosis is... |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which of the following is a typical symptom of a substance dependence? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Monism is the theory that states that... |
|
Definition
| production of consciosness is one of the functions of the brain. |
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|
Term
| The stage of sleep during which one will likely experience the most vivid dreaming is... |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Left to nature's devices, most humans would sleep |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which of the following is a good example of a primary reinforcer? |
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Definition
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Term
| Your dog barks when a stranger rings the doorbell. In terms of classical conditioning, over the course of repeated ringing the doorbell has become a... |
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Definition
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Term
| Your cough subsides when you take that nasty grape flavored cough syrup. You always take the syrup when you have a cough, because it works. This is an example of: |
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Definition
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Term
| A person gets caught driving while intoxicated and is given 2 months of cleaning at a local park. This is an example of: |
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Definition
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|
Term
| A third grader recieves a gold star for each 100 percent on a spelling test. She works very hard to get more 100's on the tests. This is an example of: |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Tom's dad died last year. Now, when Tom hears his dad's favorite song on the radio, he gets teary eyed. Tom's reaction to the song is a typical... |
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Definition
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|
Term
| A man just can't stop putting quarters in the slot machine. Although he loses more than he wins, the sound of the clicking coins drives him to play more and more. This is an example of: |
|
Definition
| Variable ratio reinforcement. |
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Term
| "Rewarded behavior is likely to recur" is a simple statement of Thorndike's... |
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Definition
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Term
| The person who was caught driving while intoxicated also loses her liscense for 6 months. This is an example of: |
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Definition
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Term
| Tolmans rats learned to run a maze simply by "hanging out" in it. They received no rewards for learning the maze. When they were able to run the maze just as fast, or faster than the other rats that were trained with operant procedures, Tolman presented his findings as evidence for the existence of... |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Cognitive learning theories differ from strict behavioral ones is that they account for changes in... |
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Definition
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|
Term
| One finding of Albert Bandura's research on observational learning was that... |
|
Definition
| children are more likely to imitate actions of a role model of a higher status. |
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Term
| You learned the route to the supermarket as a young child from going on shopping trips with your parents. When your mom asks you to run an errand, you have no problem finding your way there. This is an example of: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The process of observing and imitating a specific behavior is called... |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In the process of social and cognitive learning, ________ are not of central importance. |
|
Definition
| direct punishments or reinforcements. |
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|
Term
| Neuroscientists have recently found a biological basis for observational learning in the functioning of ________ in the cerebral cortex. |
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Definition
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Term
| Kohler's chimp Sultan figured out how to get that tantalizing banana without extensive operant training. This is an example of: |
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Definition
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Term
| Judy sees her friend being admired by peers for bullying a smaller child. She then also bullies the same child. This is an example of: |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Damage to the ________ can result in damage in anterograde amnesia. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The function of sensory memory is most succinctly described as the _________ of new information. |
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Definition
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Term
| The material that you learn and retain form taking AP psychology course is representative of which type of long-term memory? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| You misplaced an item when you were upset about breaking up with your significant other. You don't remember where you put it until you were again upset when your friend blames you for the breakup. This is an example of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Information that can be recalled without apparent conscious effort is classified as... |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of relatively deep memory processing? |
|
Definition
| building a dollhouse for your little cousin. |
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|
Term
| Even though you are happy about your new job, for the first month or so you answer the phone with the name of your former employer's firm. This is an example of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A factor that results in the decay of long-term memory is... |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The neural basis for learning and remembering associations involves the strengthening of potential neural firing and is called... |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Tackling multiple choice questions relies primarily on the memory process known as... |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| If you cant see that a paper clip was used to re-seal a bag of chips, you may be suffering from the effects of... |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| We learned from the case of Phinaes Gage that the prefrontal cortex is vital for the processing of... |
|
Definition
| reasoning and emotional control. |
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|
Term
| You are unlikely to yell "penguin" when asked on a game show to name a type of bird. This is because: |
|
Definition
| penguin doesn't fit the prototype of a bird. |
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|
Term
| You only remember the one time a month when your horoscope seems right, and forget all the times when it is wrong or irrelevant. This is an example of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One of the least efficient methods of problem solving is the _________ method. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| If you decide that you will not buy any pair of jeans that costs more than $100, you are using ___________ for decision making. |
|
Definition
| a non-compensatory method. |
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|
Term
| A person who can generate a new way of thinking about a problem or issue is manifesting... |
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Definition
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|
Term
| John decides that he doesnt want to go on a blind date with a computer programmer because he's heard that those people tend to be shy and dull. He is demonstrating a possibly incorrect judgement about the world that is based on... |
|
Definition
| The representative heuristic. |
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|
Term
| The formation of hypotheses that is central to the scientific method is an activity involving... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The academic discipline that relies most heavily on algorithms for problem solving is... |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Nativist theorists believe that language is acquired and produced primarily through... |
|
Definition
| the operation of inborn universal grammar. |
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|
Term
| Holophrases or one word sentences appear in the speech of babies between... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The rules for combining words into sensible sentences are called... |
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Definition
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|
Term
| 22 month old Joey calls all 4 legged animals "doggie". This is an example of: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| On average, children learn from _________ words per year, from ages 1 through 18. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| As her pet cat runs out the door, 2 year old Mary yells "Kitty go!" This is an example of: |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Strings of one syllable sounds such as ma, la, and ba, are pronounced by most infants during a distinct stage of language acquisition called... |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The hypothesis of _______ states that language shapes the way people think about the world. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| 3 yr old Sara tells you that she "goed" to the zoo today. This is an example of: |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| You are happy in your position as an assistant manager in a sales firm until two of your friends are promoted past you withing the last two months. Your happiness has been diminished by your sense of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The base of Maslow hierarchy is |
|
Definition
| essential needs such as food and sleep. |
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|
Term
| What is an example of a short term cue for eating? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Research suggests that sexes differ in the _____ of emotion. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of intrinsic motivation? |
|
Definition
| Finishing schoolwork ahead of time to get extra credit. |
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|
Term
| Which is a facial expression emotion that would most likely be recognized by every culture? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The aim of drive reduction is a physiological state called... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The psychological scientists who would most likely subscribe to the incentive theory of motivation is... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The idea that behavior is preprogrammed and biologically determined is called... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When stress is linked to increased psychological disorders, it is referred to as... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A man is coping as best as he can with an extended period of unemployment. He is experiencing the stage of general adaptation syndrome called... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stress is best described as... |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Hypertension and headaches may be triggered by stress. These conditions are referred to as... |
|
Definition
| psychophysiological illnesses |
|
|
Term
| One of the best ways to extend life expectancy is to... |
|
Definition
| quit or avoid from smoking |
|
|
Term
| A person who experiences a high level of subjective well being and attributes successes to hard work and talent is said to demonstrate... |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ has been shown to have a positive effect on mood. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One of the best ways to reduce stress is to find... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prolonged stress may cause vulnerability to illnesses by... |
|
Definition
| suppressing immune function. |
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|
Term
| What is an example of an acute stressor? |
|
Definition
| a near miss car accident. |
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|
Term
| If prenatal exposure to a substance leads to birth defects, the substance is called a... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An educational psychologist tracks the academic progress of a group of Head Start students from ages 4-18. This research design is called... |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| A time during which exposure to stimuli or experiences produces optimal results is called a.... |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A clinical child psychologist compares the depression scale scores of urban foster children who range from 5-12 years old. This research design is called... |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The period of prenatal development from 2-8 weeks is called the __________ stage. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The cognitive dimension of development refers to... |
|
Definition
| how thinking evolves and matures. |
|
|
Term
| According to Piaget, by about age 6 or 7 children enter the ________ stage. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ refers to an orderly sequence of genetically designed biological growth processes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The average age of the earliest reported memory is roughly _______ years of age. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Kohlberg, in the preconventional level of moral reasoning decisions are made based on... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Normal aging typically doesn't include... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A child will first recognize herself in a mirror at age _______. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| If a child realizes he can play a trick on his Mom by hiding her shoes, he is demonstrating that he possesses... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An individuals feeling that the right time to get married is between ages 25-32 may be a reflection of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Piaget's theory, the ability to conserve mass and volume is characteristic of the... |
|
Definition
| concrete operational stage. |
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|
Term
| The strong bond between infant and caregiver is referred to as... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Fraud's psychosexual theory of development, _______ in one of the childhood stages could cause personality problems in adulthood. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Erikson, the central conflict in young adulthood is... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Piaget, the basic unit of cognition or mental template is called... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Personal control, satisfaction and achievement matter more to a person who is raised in a __________ culture. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A characteristic pattern of behavior or a deposition to feel and act is called... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to the humanistic personality theory, optimal psychological adjustment is nurtured by unconditional positive regard which is defined as... |
|
Definition
| an attitude of acceptance toward others. |
|
|
Term
| Our tendancy to overestimate the extent to which others notice and evaluate our appearance and performance is called... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Freud's theory of personality, our primitive and instinctual motives are contained in the... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ is the term to describe a test that uses patient reactions to ambiguous stimuli in order to reveal inner psychological dynamics. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to the "Big Five" model a person who is soft-hearted, trusting, and helpful would rate highly on the dimension calles... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a good example of predictive validity? |
|
Definition
| A person who does well on the Law School admissions test does well in law school. |
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|
Term
| Claude Steels research suggests that test performance can be depressed by the self fulfilling phenomenon called... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of an intelligence test that would be administered on an individual basis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a test that is administered repeatedly to the same individual produces dramatically different scores on each administration, it is said to lack... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A tests that reflects the amount of knowledge you gained over the course of three highschool years would be referred to as an ___________ test. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clusters of related test questions that measure common abilities are identified with a statistical procedure called.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A test that measures a quality or skill that it is designed to measure is said to possess... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One's store of general factual and conceptual knowledge is referred to collectively as... |
|
Definition
| crystallized intelligence. |
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|
Term
| According to Robert Sternberg, a person who does well in school would posses a high degree of _________ intelligence. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A typical behavior associated with a manic episode might include... |
|
Definition
| spending money lavishly and engaging in high risk behaviors. |
|
|
Term
| _________ are coded on Axis II of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV TR. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a negative symptom of schizophrenia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is an example of delusion? |
|
Definition
| Believing that the CIA is tapping your phone. |
|
|
Term
| A person who worries alot, avoids social situations, and has difficulty sleeping and concentrating might be diagnosed with... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A clinician who believes that the symptoms of a psychological disorder are primarily learned would most likely be a... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| There is evidence that the risk of schizophrenia is increased by... |
|
Definition
| eposure to viral illnesses during the second trimester of pregnancy. |
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|
Term
| Women are more frequently diagnosed with _____________ than men are. |
|
Definition
| major depressive disorder. |
|
|
Term
| According to the American Psychiatric Association, a person who is experiencing significant personal distress and impared daily functioning would be considered to be... |
|
Definition
| experiencing a psychological disorder. |
|
|
Term
| Which group of people is at greater risk for a successful suicide attempt? |
|
Definition
| An elderly, recently widowed male. |
|
|
Term
| A psychotherapist who employs a combination of cognitive-behavioral and humanistic interventions and medication in conjunction with lifestyle modification would be referred to as... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In psychoanalysis, if the patient rejects the therapists interpretation of fantasies and dreams, the person may said to be... |
|
Definition
|
|
