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AP Psych EXAM cram
terms to review for big may 5th ap psych exam
294
Psychology
12th Grade
05/04/2014

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Term
structuralism
Definition
made popular by Edward B. Titchener (who was actually a student of Wundt). Titchener taught subjects to introspect, or look inside themselves to describe their experiences to stimuli he presented to the.
-this movement had several problems however: Every subject is different, and no two results are the same; it is limited to only studying adults, since you can't ask children or animals to introspect; it is impossible to use this to study complicated issues in psychology such as sleeping (you can't introspect in your sleep), abnormal psychology, or development.
-idea died soon after Titchener did.
Term
Functionalism
Definition
-started by William James
-work like computers; receive input (sensory) and the output is a different state of mind(feeling) and resulting behaviors.
-James theorized that we feel afraid AFTER noticing physiological symptoms of fear (sweaty palms, shakiness, and rapid breath)
-no based solely on introspection(like structuralism was); instead included broader methods of collecting data such as naturalistic observation.
-Didn't seek to break consciousness into its structural components, but explained it as an ongoing process of living and interacting with the world.
-not a very adequate method for covering advanced psychological thinking
Term
Behaviorism
Definition
-developed by John Watson and then shaped by Pavlov, and B.F. Skinner.
-psychologists should study only stimuli and responses. Skinner added element of reinforcement.
Term
Psychoanalysis
Definition
-Sigmund Freud; studied unconscious thought and behavior; believed adult personality and behavior are shaped form past experiences, especially uncomfortable experiences in childhood.
-repressed memories
-Freudian slip
-unconscious thoughts/memories could be explored and supposedly cured by Freud's psychotherapy. If left untreated, could lead to psychological disorders.
Term
Humanism/Humanistic
Definition
-developed through the separate contributions of Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
-suggest behavior and human psychological development were results of both external stimuli (behaviorist-style) and off choice, free will, and self-reflection.
-people are products of their environment, and are driven internally to reach fullest potential.
-in direct contrast to determinism (which suggests all new behaviors are caused by past conditioning.
-congruency: when congruent we=our best selves.
Term
Mary Whiton Calkins
Definition
a pioneering woman who refused to play by men's rules.
-denied PhD that she had earned from Harvard because she was a woman.
-rejected offer of lesser degree from its undergraduate sister school for women.
-created the paired-associates technique for studying memory, which consisted of learning to remember one word by associating it with another.
-triumphantly became the American Psychological Association's first female president in 1905.
Term
Charles Darwin
Definition
-natural selection
-evolution
-1800s
-evolutionary psychologists/sociobiologists rely on his work
Term
Dorothea Dix
Definition
Feisty nurse turned groundbreaking therapy activist.
-through vicious state lobbying, she created the first generation of mental hospitals to offer more human methods of psychological treatment.
-superintendent of army nurses during civil war
Term
Sigmund Freud
Definition
-studied unconscious
-psychoanalysis
Term
G. Stanley Hall
Definition
-one of the first psychologists to analyze adolescence
-described adolescence as-a result of the tension between biological maturity and social dependence.
-student of Wilhelm Wundt's and established what is considered to be the first American psychology association at Johns Hopkins University in 1883
Term
William James
Definition
-American psychologist
-worked at Harvard on ideas that eventually became the school of thought known as functionalism.
-considered the Father of American Psychology.
-wrote "Principles of Psychology"(1890)= which became first psychology textbook.
-book dealt with emotion, human sensation and perception and memory.
-believed consciousness evolved because it was useful for something.
-believed to understand the origins and purpose of a psychological occurrence, we must look into its use.
Term
Ivan Pavlov
Definition
-dog
-bell;dog;food;conditioning experiment
-helped shape behaviorism
Term
Jean Piaget
Definition
one of the stage theorists (believe we develop in distinct stages).
-based on a cognitive approach to
development and is more widely used today
-originator of the cognitive-development theory.
-constructed model that theorizes the way children interpret the world in distinct stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, formal operations
Term
Carl Rogers
Definition
-contributed to development of the humanistic view in psychology
-all about congruency(agreement/harmony between out physical experience and the understanding of who we are.
Term
B.F. Skinner
Definition
-pigeon
-helped shape behaviorism
-added element of reinforcement to ideas of behaviorism.
Term
Margaret Floy Washburn
Definition
-championed women who were denied recognition for their academic achievement (like Mary Whiton Calkins)
-First woman to receive a PhD in psychology
-best known for her synthesis of animal behavior in "The Animal Mind" (1908)
Term
John B. Watson
Definition
-started behaviorism
-declared that studying experimental findings and observable phenomena was the only way that psychology could ever be considered a science.
Term
Wilhelm Wundt
Definition
-considered founder of the discipline of psychology.
-strong believer in studying human behavior and mental processes separately from biological processes.
-certain he could use scientific method to create experiments that would explain psychological phenomena in humans.
-experiment: asked people how long it took for them to see and hear a bell ringing.
-1879: opened world's first psychological research laboratory at university of Leipzig in Germany.
-first person to define psychology as the study of consciousness and conscious behavior.
Term
Biological Psychology
Definition
-focuses on the physiology of the brain and the interaction of biological processes with the outside world.
-says your hormones, genes, neurotransmitters/neurochemistry, and immune system influence your thoughts and behavior.
-became especially popular in 1970's with invention of psychoactive drugs.
Term
Clinical Psychology
Definition
-invented by Lightner Witmer
-most widely practiced form
-includes science, theory, and knowledge
-focused on determining the cause of a mental abnormality or disorder and well as on prevention and treatment that may include the administration of medical treatment but not medication.
-focuses on both psychological assessment and psychotherapy. Draws from and uses: psychodynamic/psychoanalytic;humanistic;behavioral;cognitive
Term
Cognitive Psychology
Definition
-1960s wave of research introduced support for new approach focused on cognition (focused specifically on the mind)
-psychologists of this field focus on how people process information from the outside world and internalize it to fit their own needs.
Term
Counseling Psychology
Definition
-created by the Veterans Administration after WWII to train U.S. military
-after, became school of thought in university programs where it expanded to include categories: social; educational; developmental; vocational issues.
Term
Developmental Psychology
Definition
-examines cognitive, physical, and social change throughout the life of an individual.
-nature vs. nurture= key element
-subsections: prenatal influences on development; motor/sensory development; parenting; stage theories; cognitive development; gender.
-use two primary research methods: cross-sectional and longitudinal
Term
Educational Psychology
Definition
-the psychology of teaching.
-the discipline of how individuals learn in educational environments, and the social psychology of learning in schools.
Term
Experimental Psychology
Definition
-an area of the field that focuses on using a scientific method to research behavior and the mind
-findings drive new types of therapy, help suggest better treatment for different conditions, and allow the field of psychology to grow and change.
Term
Human Factors Psychology
Definition
psychologists in this area help design environments and machines that enforce our natural perceptions rather than confuse them. Examines how we rely upon "natural mapping" to use tools and function day to day.
Term
Industrial-Organizational Psychology
Definition
-subsection of the motivational approach to psychology studies the way motivation can affect achievement in a work environmeent.
-specifically examine how managers can promote teamwork, match the right people with the right jobs, create morale-boosting environment that encourages achievement, and evaluate performance.
-more successful work environments are created with encouragement of intrinsic motivation, not a strict system of extrinsic awards and punishments.
Term
Personality
Definition
defined as the distinctive traits- perceptions, behaviors, and emotions- that are characteristic of a person.
-four primary approaches to this study: psychoanalytic approach; trait perspective; humanistic approach; and social-cognitive approach.
Term
Psychometric Psychology
Definition
examines the theory and technique of psychological measurement, including the validation of instruments, surveys, and tests.
-Founded by Francis Galton in the beginning of 20th C. then furthered developed by L.L. Thurstone: devised theoretical approach to measurement called law of comparative judgement. involves the statistical method of factor analysis, more commonly known as pairwise comparison.
Term
Social Psychology
Definition
examines the way we perceive, influence, and relate to one another.
Term
Hypothesis
Definition
Term
Correlational studies
Definition
Term
Survey research
Definition
Term
case studies
Definition
Term
naturalistic observations
Definition
Term
Variables (independent, dependent, confounding, control)
Definition
-independent: variable manipulated/changed by experimenter
-dependent: measurable variable that is altered as a result of the altered independent variable.
Term
Descriptive statistics
Definition
Term
Inferential statistics
Definition
Term
standard deviation
Definition
Term
Neuron
Definition
Term
Afferent/ sensory nerve fiber
Definition
Term
Interneurons
Definition
Term
Motor/efferent nerve fiber
Definition
Term
Axon
Definition
Term
Dendrites
Definition
Term
Myelin sheath
Definition
Term
Neurotransmitters
Definition
Term
Synapse
Definition
Term
Nervous system (central and peripheral including somatic, autonomic, sympathetic, and parasympathetic)
Definition
Term
MRI
Definition
Term
fMRI
Definition
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
-all about brain function
-makes picture of brain but ALSO shows what areas are most active by tracing blood flow; more active areas require and receive more blood
-used to determine which areas of the brain perk up more during certain activities.
Term
CT scan
Definition
X-rays of the brain
=3D images
-can be used to study brain structures and check for lesions or abnormal growths, like tumors.
-will NOT tell us anything about brain function
Term
EEG
Definition
Electroencephalogram
-performed by attaching leads to a person's head and recording brainwaves from the large numbers of firing neurons that are being emitted.
-won't generate a picture, but will provide a graph that shows brainwave patterns and rhythms
-Researchers mostly use these to study differnt stages of sleep and dreaming, as well as seizures in patients with conditions like epilepsy.
Term
PET scan
Definition
Positron Emission Technology
-let researchers study brain function along with structure
-depending on radioactive tracer injected, these scans allow researchers to study all types of different processes in the brain (from glucose to dopamine to amyloid plaque buildup from Alzheimer's disease.)
-can tell us a lot about brain activity.
Term
Brain hemispheres (frontal, temporal, occipital, and parietal)
Definition
frontal-mainly responsible for cognitive thought and planning. helps control behavior such as paying attention, planning, and making decisions. Primary motor cortex (strip of brain responsible for controlling movements in each part of the body) is located in frontal lobe. Broca's area located here
-Temporal-contain auditory cortices that help process sound. Wernicke's area located here
-Parietal-operating system of the brain. Information enters the body's sensory systems and is then directed to the appropriate processing area. Contains the somatosensory cortex (strip of cortex right behind the motor cortex that is responsible for integrating sensory information from the body-touch, texture, heat, cold
-occipital-located at back of head and is mainly responsible for vision. Contains the primary visual cortex (receives input form the eys and then consturcts and interprets the image) specialized cells in this region respond to direction, shape, and angle.
Term
Paul Broca
Definition
French physician who discovered in 1865 that damage to a specific area in the left frontal lobe made it difficult to form words. That section was later named Broca's area and it controls the muscle movements that enable the production of speech.
-
Term
Charles Darwin
Definition
Term
Michael Gazzaniga
Definition
a leading researchre and professor in cognitive neuroscience, realized the degree to which our brains can war with themselves. He is widely known for his split-brain research in teh 1960s.
Term
Roger Sperry
Definition
Neuropsychologis who conducted split-brain research alongside Gazzanigga and eventually won teh Nobel Prize in 1981. His research led to what we now know as left brain/right brain dichotomy
Term
Carl Wernicke
Definition
German neuropathologist that Wernicke's area is named after
Term
transduction
Definition
Term
absolute threshold
Definition
Term
difference threshold
Definition
Term
signal detection
Definition
Term
sensory adaption
Definition
Term
sensory habituation
Definition
Term
depth perception
Definition
Term
binocular cues
Definition
Term
monocular cues
Definition
Term
top-down processing
Definition
Term
bottom-up processing
Definition
Term
Gustav Fechner
Definition
Term
David Hubel
Definition
Term
Ernst Weber
Definition
Term
Torsten Wiesel
Definition
Term
consciousness
Definition
Term
sleep cycles
Definition
Term
REM sleep
Definition
Term
sleep spindles
Definition
Term
narcolepsy
Definition
Term
insomnia
Definition
Term
hypnosis
Definition
Term
suggestion
Definition
Term
addiction
Definition
Term
withdrawal
Definition
Term
tolerance
Definition
Term
dependence
Definition
Term
stimulant
Definition
Term
depressant
Definition
Term
opiate
Definition
Term
psychedelic
Definition
Term
William James
Definition
Term
Sigmund Freud
Definition
Term
Ernest Hilgard
Definition
Term
classical conditioning
Definition
Term
operant conditioning
Definition
Term
learning (latent, observational, and insight)
Definition
Term
acquisition
Definition
Term
extinction
Definition
Term
spontaneous recovery
Definition
Term
discrimination
Definition
Term
reinforcement
Definition
Term
stimulus
Definition
Term
Response
Definition
Term
Albert Bandura
Definition
Term
John Garcia
Definition
Term
Ivan Pavlov
Definition
Term
Robert Rescorla
Definition
Term
B.F. Skinner
Definition
Term
Edward Thorndike
Definition
Term
Edward Tolman
Definition
Term
John B. Watson
Definition
Term
Methods of processing
Definition
Term
the mechanics of attention
Definition
Term
problem-solving
Definition
Term
creativity
Definition
Term
memory improvement
Definition
Term
the development of language
Definition
Term
encoding
Definition
Term
storage
Definition
Term
retrieval
Definition
Term
memory (short versus long-term, procedural, explicit versus implicit)
Definition
Term
processing
Definition
Term
Noam Chomsky
Definition
Term
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Definition
Term
Wolfgang Kohler
Definition
Term
Elizabeth Loftus
Definition
Term
George Miller
Definition
Term
drive
Definition
Term
needs
Definition
Term
arousal
Definition
Term
homeostasis
Definition
Term
stress
Definition
Term
instincts
Definition
Term
incentive
Definition
Term
primary versus secondary reinforcers
Definition
Term
William James (Motivation&Emotion)
Definition
Term
Alfred Kinsey (Motivation&Emotion
Definition
Term
Abraham Maslow
Definition
Term
Stanley Schachter
Definition
Term
Hans Selye
Definition
Term
fetal development
Definition
Term
motor and cognitive development
Definition
Term
socialization
Definition
Term
adolescence, and adulthood
Definition
Term
temperament and moral development
Definition
Term
cultural, religious, and gender identity
Definition
Term
nature versus nurture
Definition
Term
conception
Definition
Term
gestation
Definition
Term
attachment
Definition
Term
assimilation
Definition
fitting new information into existing schema. Idea for Piaget. ex: all four-legged animals are "doggies"
Term
information processing
Definition
Term
Mary Ainsworth
Definition
Term
Albert Bandura (Developmental Psychology)
Definition
Term
Diana Baumrind
Definition
Term
Erik Erikson
Definition
Term
Sigmund Freud (Developmental Psychology)
Definition
Term
Carol Gilligan (Developmental Psychology)
Definition
Term
Harry Harlow (Developmental Psychology)
Definition
Term
Lawrence Kohlberg (Developmental Psychology)
Definition
Term
Konrad Lorenz (Developmental Psychology)
Definition
Term
Jean Piaget (Developmental Psychology)
Definition
Term
Lev Vygotsky (Developmental Psychology)
Definition
Term
Theories of Personality:
1)Behavioral
2)Social
3)Cognitive
4)Trait
5)Psychoanalytic
6)Humanist
7)Learning
Definition
Term
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Definition
Term
Thematic Aperception Test (TAT)
Definition
Term
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Definition
Term
Id
Definition
Term
Ego
Definition
Term
Superego
Definition
Term
Oedipus Complex
Definition
Term
Heritability
Definition
Term
Reliability
Definition
Term
Validity
Definition
Term
Alfred Adler (personality)
Definition
Term
Albert Bandura (personality)
Definition
Term
Paul Costa and Robert McCrae (personality)
Definition
Term
Sigmund Freud (personality)
Definition
Term
Carl Jung (personality)
Definition
Term
Abraham Maslow (personality)
Definition
Term
Carl Rogers (personality)
Definition
Term
Abstract (fluid) versus crystallized intelligence
Definition
Term
processing speeds
Definition
Term
methods of standardization
Definition
Term
reliability and validity
Definition
Term
standardized test
Definition
Term
standardization sample
Definition
Term
intelligence
Definition
Term
norms
Definition
Term
Alfred Binet (testing and individual differences)
Definition
Term
Francis Galton (testing and individual differences)
Definition
Term
Howard Gardner (testing and individual differences)
Definition
Term
Charles Spearman (testing and individual differences)
Definition
Term
Robert Sternberg (testing and individual differences)
Definition
Term
Louis Terman (testing and individual differences)
Definition
Term
David Wechsler (testing and individual differences)
Definition
Term
DSM
Definition
Term
disorder
Definition
Term
phobia
Definition
Term
delusion
Definition
Term
hallucination
Definition
Term
schizophrenia
Definition
Term
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
Definition
Term
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Definition
Term
Anxiety
Definition
Term
mood/affective disorders
Definition
Term
major depressive disorders
Definition
Term
dissociative identity disorder
Definition
Term
bipolar disorder
Definition
Term
psychotherapeutic intervention (humanistic, behavioral, cognitive)
Definition
Term
group versus individual therapy
Definition
Term
electorconvulsive therapy (ECT)
Definition
Term
psychoanalysis
Definition
Term
pharmaceutical therapies
Definition
Term
Aaron Beck (treatment of abnormal behavior)
Definition
Term
Albert Ellis (treatment of abnormal behavior)
Definition
Term
Mary Cover Jones (treatment of abnormal behavior)
Definition
Term
Carl Rogers (treatment of abnormal behavior)
Definition
Term
B.F. Skinner (treatment of abnormal behavior)
Definition
Term
Joseph Wolpe (treatment of abnormal behavior)
Definition
Term
motive
Definition
Term
obedience
Definition
Term
fundamental attribution error
Definition
Term
social facilitation
Definition
Term
social loafing
Definition
Term
social striving
Definition
Term
prejudice
Definition
Term
cognitive dissonance
Definition
Term
stereotype
Definition
Term
conformity
Definition
Term
Solomon Asch (social psychology)
Definition
Term
Leon Festinger
Definition
Term
Stanley Milgram
Definition
Term
Philip Zimbardo
Definition
Term
self-reflect
Definition
the ability to think or consider how we feel and relate to others. Unique to humans
Term
introspect
Definition
look inside self to describe experiences to stimuli presented with.
Term
Edward B. Titchener
Definition
-student of Wundt
-made structuralism popular
-relied heavily on introspection
-viewed a stimulus as: anything in the external world that can be experienced by one of the 5 senses.
Term
naturalistic observation
Definition
the study of animals in their natural, undisturbed habitat.
Term
Gestalt Psychology
Definition
psychologists of this method, such as Max Wertheimer didn't separate thought and behavior.
-a person's whole experience is greater than the individual pieces.
-patients encouraged to understand their difficulties by putting them in context.
-does not constitute a large part of current psychological methods.
Term
repressed memories
Definition
-Freud
-selectively eliminating painful memories from conscious memory.
-believed by Freud to cause conflict with normal consciousness and have potential to surface in dreams, phobias, or slips of the tongue.
Term
Freudian slip
Definition
an error of speech that expresses someone's unconscious or repressed thought.
Term
reinforcement
Definition
selectively encouraging or discouraging particular behaviors
Term
stimuli
Definition
external occurrences
Term
responses
Definition
physical reactions to occurrences
Term
psychoactive drugs
Definition
invented in 1970s and used to treat conditions like depression and schizophrenia
Term
schemas
Definition
representative mental frameworks created by people to help them make sense of information.
-language, development, memory, perception, and social interaction
-cognitive psychology
Term
teratogens
Definition
harmful substances from the environment that can harm a fetus if ingested by mother (alcohol and drugs)
Term
Cross-sectional versus longitudinal research
Definition
the two primary research methods of developmental psychologists
-cross-sectional: examines different age groups for one research topic
-longitudinal: tracks one group of individuals over different stages in their lives.
Term
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Definition
the tendency to agree with a large request after agreeing with a smaller one
Term
fundamental attribution error
Definition
our tendency to neglect situational influences and make false, generalized assertions about others' personalities.
Term
conform
Definition
adjust our behavior to fit with the expectations of society
Term
groupthink
Definition
when political mishaps result from normative group decision-making processes.
-two famous examples: the launch of the space shuttles Challenger and Columbia-separate instances: where NASA officials ignored engineers' concerns and decided to proceed with the launch anyway. (did not end well)
Term
schemata
Definition
What Piaget believed to be a child's portal to the world.
-cognitive rules used to interpret a child's surroundings and assimilate new information.
Term
syntax
Definition
grammar
Term
semantics
Definition
meaning of words
Term
Anterograde amnesia
Definition
can't remember new stuff after head injury (50 first dates)
Term
Retrograde Amnesia
Definition
can't remember stuff before injury
Term
systematic desensitization
Definition
behavior therapy used to reduce client's anxiety responses-bad paired with good. step by step (ex spider)
Term
Aversion Conditioning
Definition
therapy-behavior therapy in which an aversive stimulus is paired to elicit an undesirable response-bad with bad)
EX: everytime desire to smoke, take whiff of horrid smelling contents.
Term
Absolute Threshold
Definition
level needed to see it 50% of time
Term
Just-noticeable-difference (JND)
Definition
perceive change in stimulus level-music level) how do you know that its louder? can you perceive a change?
Term
Construct Validity
Definition
test measures a particular hypothetical concept-creativity, IQ, extraversion: when you have created the question does this test measure that question?
Term
Content Validity
Definition
content of a test is representative of the domain it is supposed to cover-stuff on test from that chapter)
Term
experimental group
Definition
group being tested
Term
left brain
Definition
language and logic, where cognitive dissonance is resolved
Term
right brain
Definition
creative and spatial
Term
corpus callosum
Definition
divides two hemispheres of brain
Term
Cerebral Cortex
Definition
covers the brain, outer layer of brain
Term
Laterall hypothalamus
Definition
stimulates hunger
Term
Ventromedial Hypothalamus
Definition
suppresses hunger(rat that can not suppress hunger= always hungry and so eat and eat and eat and get 3 times as big)
Term
Afferent neurons
Definition
sensory
Term
Acommodation
Definition
changing schema.
Term
Hawthorne effect
Definition
The simple act of putting someone in a group and conducting an experiment on him or her can lead to behavioral changes in that person.
Term
Experimenter bias (or a super special, situation-relevant confounding variable)
Definition
the researcher has an unconscious attitude that affects her treatment of the participants.
Term
participant bias (or a confounding variable)
Definition
subjects try to please the experimenter
Term
demand characteristics
Definition
an effect in which the participants begin to interpret the purpose of the experiment and act differently as a result
Term
double-blind study
Definition
neither experimenter nor participants/subjects know who is in the control group and who is in the experimental group
Term
single-blind study
Definition
only the experimenter has full knowledge of who's in each group.
Term
correlation coefficient
Definition
a calculated number that indicates how strong the relationship is between variables
-range of -1 to 1.
-0 shows no relationship at all; the further away from zero, the stronger the correlation
-if negative then there is a negative correlation (one variable increases as the other variable decreases)
-if the number is positive,a positive correlation exists (the two variables shift in the same direction)
Term
outliers
Definition
any results that don't fit in with the others and land in the extreme areas indstead.
Term
z-score
Definition
how far a point is from the mean in terms of the standard deviation
-can be positive or negative depending on whether it falls on the positive or negaitve side of the mean.
Term
trephination
Definition
old technique of drilling holes in people's skulls to let the evil spirits out.
Term
hindbrain
Definition
oldest part of brain, "reptillian brain". sits in back, toward bottom and connects the spinal cord wiht the rest of the brain.
-formed by 3 main structures: medula, cerebellum, and pons
Term
medulla
Definition
responsible for controlling basic autonomic instincts that keep people alive (breathing, digesting food, sneezing, vomiting)
Term
cerebellum
Definition
looks like mini version of brain and consists of branch-like cells that are responsible for coordinating movement
-drinking too much alcohol or taking certain types of medicines represses activity of cerebellum
Term
pons
Definition
connects hindbrain to the rest of the brain.
-acts as a bridge that relays information between the two. also helps form a smile or a frown.
Term
midbrain
Definition
next oldest part of brain after hindbrain.
-processes and relays sensory info. from the eyes and ears. It helps us orient toward a sound or a point in our visual field
Term
Forebrain
Definition
newest part of the brain.
-structures in this region help plan, reason, control emotions, and form all of those misty-colored memories.
Term
thalamus
Definition
-sits on top of the brain stem
-responsible for relaying sensory and motor info. between cortex and body
Term
hypothalamus
Definition
sits just below thalamus and is an important control element in metabolic functioning. helps regulate eating and sleeping patterns, sexual desire, aggression, and fear.
Term
pituitary gland
Definition
small protrusion that releases certain hormones such as growth hormone and prolactin.
Term
hippocampus
Definition
small structure that vaguely resembles a seahorse.
-essential fo rthe formation and storage of memories. Alzheimer's disease destroys the cells in this area
Term
amygdala
Definition
small structure that is involved in emotion and enables us to learn, especially in an emotional environment.
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