Shared Flashcard Set

Details

AP psych chp. 3 flashcards
Nature, nurture, and human diversity
29
Psychology
11th Grade
04/27/2013

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Environment
Definition
every nongenetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us; external influence.
Term
Behavior genetics
Definition
the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior.
Term
Chromosomes
Definition
threadlike structure made of DNA molecules that contain the genes
Term
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
Definition
a complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.
Term
Genes
Definition
the biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; a segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein.
Term
Identical twins
Definition
wins who develop from a single (monozygotic) fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms.
Term
Fraternal twins
Definition
Twins who develop from separate (dizygotic) fertilized eggs. They are genetically no closer than brother and sisters, but they share a fetal environment
Term
genome
Definition
the complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism's choromosomes
Term
Temperament
Definition
Heredity predisposes one quick apparent aspect of personality - a person's characteristic emotional stability, sociability and activity level, which provides building block for our enduring personality.
Term
Interaction
Definition
the interplay that occurs when the effect of one factor (such as environment) depends on another factor (such as heredity).
Term
Evolutionary psychology
Definition
the study of the roots of behavior and mental processes, using the principles of natural selection and focus on what makes us so much alike as humans.
Term
Natural selection
Definition
the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.
Term
Mutation
Definition
random error in gene replication that leads to a change.
Term
Gender
Definition
in psychology, the biologically and socially influenced characteristics by which people define male and female.
Term
Culture
Definition
the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitude, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.
Term
Norm
Definition
an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior. Norms prescribe "proper" behavior, which grease the social machinery and free us from self-preoccupation.
Term
Personal space
Definition
the buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies.
Term
Individualism
Definition
giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identification.
Term
Collectivism
Definition
giving priority to group goals (often those of the extended family or work group) and defining one's identity accordingly.
Term
Aggression
Definition
physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone
Term
X chromosome
Definition
the sex chromosome found in both men and women. Females have two X chromosomes; males have one. And X chromosome from each parent produces a female child.
Term
Y chromosome
Definition
the sex chromosome found only in males. When paired with an X chromosome from the mother, it produces a male child.
Term
Testosterone
Definition
the most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty.
Term
Role
Definition
a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave.
Term
Gender role
Definition
a set of expected behaviors for males or for females
Term
Gender identity
Definition
our sense of being male or female.
Term
Gender typing
Definition
the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role.
Term
Social learning theory
Definition
the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished.
Term
Gender schema theory
Definition
the theory that children learn from their cultures a concept of what it means to be male and female and that they adjust their behavior accordingly
Supporting users have an ad free experience!