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| capabilities of the nervous sysytem: |
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| the fundamental unit of the nervous system- the nerve cell |
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| hold neurons in place, direct their growth and repair, keep chemical environment stable, and respond to signals from neurons |
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| a neuron fiber that carries signals from the body of a neuron out to where communication occurs with other neurons |
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| a neuron fiber that receives signals from other neurons |
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| when is the neuron said to be "polarized"? |
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| when there are more negative molecules on the inside of a neuron than outside of it |
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| what happens when the neuron is polarized? |
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| because then more negatives will be inside....attracting the positives inside creating a force called "electrochemical potential". the cell keeps out many of the positively charged moleculees, but some are let in through channels- which can be opened when cell is depolarized. result: neighboring gate is depolarized...chain reaction |
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| abrupt wave of electrochemical changes traveling down an axon when a neuron becomes depolarized |
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| the neuron is said to have "fired" when.. |
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| an action potential shoots down an axon |
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| what makes an action potential faster? |
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-size of the axon (larger are faster)
-if myelin is present |
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| a fatty substance that wraps around some axons and increases the speed of the action potential |
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| short rest between action potential firings |
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| communication between neurons occurs....(where?) |
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| chemicals that carry the signal across the synapse to the postsynaptic cell |
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| neurons that operate together to form complex functions |
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| protein on the cell membrane that receives chemical signals |
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| provides input about the environment via the five senses |
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| directs the response to the environment by influencing the muscles and other organs. |
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| is made up of the sensory and motor systems |
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| peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
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| processes information and is encased in bone...is made up of the brain and spinal cord |
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| central nervous system (CNS) |
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| divisions of the nervous system |
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1. Peripheral nervous system
- somatic system
- autonomic system
2. Central nervous system
-brain
-spinal cord |
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| carries information from the senses to the CNS and sends movement instructions back to the muscles |
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| somatic system (under the peripheral system) |
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| controls things that happen “automatically” in your body |
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| autonomic system (under the peripheral system) |
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| carries messages to and from the brain |
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| spinal cord (central nervous system) |
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| quick, involuntary muscular responses that occur in the spinal cord without instruction from the brain. The brain is informed of it after it occurs. |
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| measures general electrical activity in the brain- cannot tell us which region of the brain does what, because its only a pen moving on the paper |
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cross sections or 3D images of organs and body structures, including the brain
-radioactive
-can give where brain activity is occuring |
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: injected with glucose, to observe blood flow
-radioactive |
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creates 3D images using magnetic forces
-fMRI: can show blood flow |
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| frontal lobe or parietal lobe |
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location: hindbrain
funtion: controls vital processes (breathing, hr, etc.) |
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location: hindbrain
function: controlls finely coordinated, physical movement such as speech (strikly the physical aspect) |
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| controlls certain automatic behaviors |
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| thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus |
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| regulates basic drives such as hunger/thirst |
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| the hippocampus+ amygdala. plays an important role in regulating emotion and is involved in memory and other thought processes. |
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| outer surface of the cerebrum |
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| forebrain; important part of memory |
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| used by neurons in the autonomic system. movement and memory. linked to alzeiheimers |
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| autonomic nervous system. sleep, moods, learning |
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| Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia |
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| psychological disorder characterized by distorted perception, emotion, and thought. |
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Acetylcholine
norepinephrine
serotonin
dopamine |
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| blocks neurotransmitters from coming through.... Huntington's disease- is when its uncontrollable |
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| opiate-like compounds, can reduce pain and cause sleep. |
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