Term
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Definition
| our awareness, the process by which the brain creates a model of internal and external experiences |
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Term
| What is Cognitive neuroscience? |
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Definition
| an interdisciplinary field involving cognitive psychology, neurology, biology, computer science, linguistics, and specilaists from other fields who are interested in the connection between mental processes and the brain |
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Term
| What does Cognitive neuroscience emphasize? |
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Definition
| it emphasizes how the mind prcesses information |
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Term
| What are nonconscious processes? |
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Definition
| any brain process that doesn't involve consious processing including both preconsious memories and uncounsious processes |
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Term
| How does noncounsious processes occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are preconsious memories? |
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Definition
| information that is not currently in counsciousness but can be recalled to consciousness voluntarily or after something calls attention to them |
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Term
| How does Freud view the unconscious? |
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Definition
| it is a part of the mind that houses memories, desires, and feelings that would be threatening if brought to consciousness |
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Term
| How do modern psychologists view the unconscious? |
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Definition
| as a mere collection of mental processes that operate outside the awareness, but not typically suppressing information or working at odds with consciousness |
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Term
| What are Circadian rhythms? |
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Definition
| psychological patterns that repeat aproximately every 24 hours, such as the sleep-wakefulness cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| a stage of sleep that occurs approximately every 90 minutes, marked by bursts of rapid eye movements occuring under closed eyelids |
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Term
| What are REM sleep periods associated with? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to your body when you are in REM? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the recurring periods associated with the deeper stages of sleep, when a sleeper is not showing rabid eye movements |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition in which a sleeper is unable to move any of the voluntary muscles, except those controlling the eyes |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition of increased REM sleep caused by REM-sleep deprivation |
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Term
| What happens in stage 1 of REM sleep? |
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Definition
| the EEG displays some slower (theta) activity, along with fast brain (beta) waves similar to those seen in the waking state |
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Term
| What happens during stage 2 of REM sleep? |
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Definition
| the generally slower EEG is punctuated by sleep spindles |
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Term
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Definition
| short bursts of fast electrical activity that reliably signals the end of Stage 1 |
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Term
| What happens during stage 3 of REM sleep? |
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Definition
| the sleeper enters a progressivly deeper state of relaxed sleep; the heart rate and breathing rate slow down; and brain waves slow down. |
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Term
| When do delta waves first appear in REM sleep? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens in stage 4 of REM sleep? |
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Definition
| the electrical activity of the brain increases, and the sleeper climbs back up through the stages in reverse order |
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Term
| When does the deepest point in the sleep cycle occur? |
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Definition
| during stage 4 of REM sleep |
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Term
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Definition
| a sleep deficiency caused by not getting the amount of sleep that one requires for optimal functioning |
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Term
| What is Manifest content? |
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Definition
| the story line of a dream, taken at face value without interpretation |
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Term
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Definition
| the symbolic meaning of objects and events in a dream |
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Term
| Latent content is usually an interpretation of what? |
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Definition
| Freud's psychoanalytic theory |
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Term
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Definition
| a common variation of consciousness in which attention shifts to memories, expectations, desires, or fantasies and away from the immediate situation |
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Term
| What is activation-synthesis theory? |
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Definition
| the theory that dreams begin with random electrical activation coming form the brain stem. |
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Term
| How does the activation-synthesis theory explain dreams? |
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Definition
| dreams are the brain's attempt to make sense of (to synthesize) the random activity in the brain stem |
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Term
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Definition
| sleep disorder that involves insufficient sleep, the inability to fall asleep quickly, frequent arousals, or early awakenings |
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Term
| What is the most common sleep disorder? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a respiratory disorder in which the person intermittenly stops breathing many times while asleep |
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Term
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Definition
| deep sleep episodes that seem to produce terror, slthough any terrifyign mental experience is usually forgotten upon awakening |
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Term
| Who are most commonly affected by night terrors? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a disorder of REM sleep, involving sleep-onset REM periods and sudden daytime REM-sleep attacks usually accompanied by cataplexy |
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Term
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Definition
| sudden loss of muscle control |
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Term
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Definition
| an induced state of awareness, usually characterized by heightened suggestiblity, deep relaxation, and highly focused attention |
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Term
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Definition
| a state of consciousness often induced by focusing on a repetitive behavior, assuming certain body positions, and minimizing external stimulation |
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Term
| What might be the intention of meditating? |
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Definition
| to enhance self-knowledge, well-being, and spirituality |
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Term
| What are psychoactive drugs? |
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Definition
| chemicals that affect mental processes and behavior by their effects on the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| drugs that create hallucinations or alter perceptions of the external environment and inner awareness |
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Term
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Definition
| highly addictive drugs that can broduce a profound sense of well-being and have strong painrelieving properties |
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Term
| What are opiates derived from? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| drugs that slow down mental and physical activity by inhibiting transmission of nerve impulses in the central nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| drugs that arouse the central nervous system speeding up mental and physical responses |
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Term
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Definition
| the reduced effectiveness a drug has after repeated use |
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Term
| What is physical dependence? |
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Definition
| a process by which the body adjusts to, and comes to need a drug for its everyday functioning |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition in which a person continues to use a drug despite its adverse effects- often despite repeated attempts to discontinue using the drug |
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Term
| What is addiction based on? |
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Definition
| physical or psychological dependence |
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Term
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Definition
| a pattern of uncomfortable or painful physical symptoms and cravings experienced by the user when the level of drug is decreased or eliminated |
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Term
| What is psychological dependence? |
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Definition
| a desire to obtain or use a drug even though there is no physical dependence |
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