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Definition
| the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that we would have forseen it |
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| examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence & assesses outcomes |
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| a statistical measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other |
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| random events that we notice and falselt assume are related |
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| manipulating one or more factors of interest and controlling other factors in order to discover cause-effect relationships |
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| the factor you manipulate to study its effect |
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| the factor you measure to discover any changes that occur in response to these manipulations |
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| What are the three measures of central tendency? |
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Definition
| Median (the middle score in a group of data), the mode (the most frequently occurring score), & the mean (arithmetic average) |
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| What are the three measures of variation? |
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Definition
| Range, standard deviation & normal curve |
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| statistically significant |
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Definition
| when averages from two samples are each reliable measures of their own populations, and the difference between them is relatively large, we can assume that it did not occur by chance alone |
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| Does behavior depend on one's culture and gender? |
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Definition
| Attitudes and behaviors vary across cultures, but the underlying principles vary much less because of our human kinship. Although gender differences tend to capture attention, it is important to remember our greater gender similarities |
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| an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts observations |
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| a statement of the procedures used to define research variables |
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| the observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles |
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| a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of them |
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Definition
| observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation |
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