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| the process of selection, meaningful organisation and interpretation of information from the senses. |
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| the process by which out sensory recptors and nervous systems receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment |
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| of information (stimulus) that is determined solely by aspects of the stimulus - environment |
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| perceptual processing in which previous experiences, existing knowledge, expectations, motivations or the context in which perception takes place, affect how a perceived object is interpreted and classified. |
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| the study of the relationship between physical stimuli and the mental events that arise as a result of these stimuli. The methods developed are fundamental to sensation and perception. |
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| the minimum amount of energy required for a sensory experience to be producedthe minimum amount of energy required for a sensory experience to be produced |
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| a theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus [signal] amid background stimulation [noise]. Assumes there is no single absolute threshold and that detection depends partly on a person's experience, exoectation, motivation, and level of fatigue. |
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| below one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness |
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| a phenomenon whereby previous exposure to a word or situation, improves implicit memory and increases the activation of associated thoughts or memories. |
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| difference threshold [just noticeable difference] |
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| the minimun difference between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time. We experience the difference |
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| is a law of psychophysics which states that the amount by which a stimulus must change in order for that change to be noticeable is proportional to the intensity of that stimulus. Thus, stronger stimuli would need to be increased by greater amounts than would weaker stimuli for noticeable change. |
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| Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation |
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| selective attention [cocktail party effect |
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| The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus |
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| Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere. |
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| conversion of 1 form of energy to another. |
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| The way we measure sound waves, audio waves, and other types of waves is by their length and their height (amplitude). The length of a wave (or wavelength) refers to the distance between the peak of one wave and the peak of the next wave. When the wave reaches its highest point, we use that as the first measure. |
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| dimension of color that determineds the wavelength of light. |
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| amt of energy in the light/sound wave. perceived as brightness/loundness by determining the wave amplitude. |
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| the adjustable opening in the center of the eye throught which light enters |
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| the colored ring of muscle tissue around the pupil - controls the size of pupil opening |
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| transparent structure behind the pupil - changes shape to help w/ focus |
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| process - len changes shape to focus near or far objects |
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| light sensitive inner surfacee of the eye, containing the reccptor rods and cones. |
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| when you can see things close up |
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| when you can see things far way |
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| receptors that detect black, white, and gray. peripheral and twilight |
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| fine details , function in daylight, color |
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| nerve that carries neural impulses from eye to brain |
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| point where optic nerve leaves brain. no receptor cells |
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| the central focal point in the retina around which the eye cones cluster. |
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| an explanation of information processing, whereby two or more mental processes can be carried out simultaneously. |
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| young-helmholtz tirchromatic [three color] theory |
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| theory that the retina contain three different color receptors [red, green, blue]. in combination can produce any color |
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| theory that oppsing retina processes enable color vision. |
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| the tendency for a color to look the same under widely different viewing conditions. |
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| the sense or act of hearing |
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| the # of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a giventime |
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| tone [high/low] depends on frequency |
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| between eardrum and cochlea [hammer, anvil, stirrup] |
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| The spiral cavity of the inner ear containing the organ of Corti, which produces nerve impulses in response to sound vibrations. |
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| innermost ear [cochlea, semicircular canal, vestibuls sacs'] |
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| links tha pitch we hear w/ the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated |
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| the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone |
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| hearing loss caused by damage to the mechaical system that conducts sound waves to cochlea |
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| sensorineural hearing loss [deafness] |
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| hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptos cells ot to the auditory nevers |
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| the muscle, tendon, and joint sense. Along with the static sense in the inner ear, this combination of senses yields information about the position of the limbs and body in space |
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| theory that the spinal cord contains neurological gate that blocks pain, |
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| principle that ones sense may influence another |
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| the sense of boy movement and position |
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| refers to a branch of psychology that seeks to explain the paranormal (which cannot be explained in terms of normal sensory experience) |
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| extrasensory perception [esp] |
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| The ability to receive information about the world from sources other than he known sense. Whether or not such abilities exist is still a matter of great debate among psychologists. |
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| ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or inverted visual field |
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| mental predisposition to preceive one thing and not another |
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| branch of psychology that explores how ppl an machines interact and how machines an physical environments can be made safe and easy to use |
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| the tendency for objects to provide the same perceptual experience despite changes in the retinal image, e.g. size constancy. |
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| approach that views psychological phenomena, such as perception, learning and thinking, as organised, structured wholes. For instance, the Gestalt approach to problem solving seeks the need for structural understanding in comprehending how different parts of the problem fit together to reach the goal. |
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| the capability to view the world three-dimensionally, utilising monocular and binocular cues to appraise depth and distance between objects. |
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| an apparatus used to assess an infant's perception of depth, comprised of a thick pane of glass that covers a shall drop and a deep drop. Surfaces of both are covered with the same chequered pattern; however children of six months and older will not explore the deepside which demonstrates depth perception. |
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