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AP Literature and Composition Terms
Words to Know for the exam/ class
102
English
11th Grade
09/20/2011

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Cards

Term
Apostrophe
Definition
speaking to a concept not there
Term
Antithesis
Definition
the juxtaposition of opposing/ contrasting ideas or concepts

EX: for better and for worse
Term
Juxtaposition
Definition
putting near each other
Term
Euphemism
Definition
using a mild phrase instead of a blunt phrase

EX: Passed away vs. died
Term
Parallelism
Definition
The repetition of grammatical structures or patterns
Term
Syntax
Definition
Sentence
Term
Pedantic
Definition
(adj.) overly concerned with book learning and formal rules despite common sense
Term
Sublimated
Definition
(v.) to divert the expression of a socially unacceptable impulse to one that is socially acceptable
Term
Macabre
Definition
(adj.)gruesome and horrifying; ghastily or awful
Term
Succession
Definition
(n.) the order in which one person follows another
Term
Abhor
Definition
(v.)to regard with extreme repugnance and disgust
Term
Haphazard
Definition
(adj.) marked by lack or direction
Term
Agile
Definition
(adj.) ready ability to move with quick easy grace
Term
Conjectures
Definition
(n.) conclusions
Term
Arcane
Definition
(adj.) mysterious; rare
Term
Tribulation
Definition
(n.) grievous troubles; suppression and harsh treatment due to depression
Term
Interposition
Definition
(n.) the doctrine that an individual state of the U.S. may oppose any federal action it believes encroaches on its sovereignty
Term
Languish
Definition
(v.) to be or become weak or feeble; to lose vigor or vitality
Term
Militancy
Definition
(adj.) vigorously active and aggressive, especially in support of a cause
Term
Nullification
Definition
(n.) preventing federal entanglement
Term
Classical Literature
Definition
having to do with Mythology specifically Roman
Term
Tone
Definition
the speaker's attitude towards his or her subject
Term
Hyperbole
Definition
most extreme exaggeration
Term
Internal Reader
Definition
sixth sense knowing what to and not to say to a specific reader
Term
Formal English
Definition
characterized by full, complex sentences and the use of standard and consistent grammar using orderly ideas and educated vocabulary. No contractions!
-Aims to make an impartial argument
-No "I" reference; speaker remains hidden in background
-Examples generalized in the 3rd person
Term
Informal English
Definition
based on the familar gramatical patterns and constructed from everyday speech.
-Uses short sentences, contractions, "I" point of view and colloquial language
- Used in journals, diaries, personal letters, and light essays
-The writer is experienced or opinionated in reference to the topic
Term
Technical English
Definition
formal English used by specialists from specialized fields with specific vocabulary.
-Is wordy, overuses abstract nouns, misuses passive voice, and has improper insubordination
Term
Scribendo disces scribere
Definition
Latin. "You learn to write by writing."
Term
Grotesque
Definition
(adj.) odd, fantastic, or bizzarre
Term
Inestimable
Definition
(adj.)not computed
Term
Harmonize
Definition
(v.) to bring to accord
Term
Sarcophagi
Definition
(n.) stone coffins
Term
Bas-reliefs
Definition
(n.) sculptural raised works
Term
Panegyric
Definition
(n.) lofty, formal, or elaborate praise; eulogy
Term
Superfluidity
Definition
(n.) Unusual state of matter; frictionless flow
Term
Periwigged
Definition
(adj.) wig wearing
Term
Pillory
Definition
(n.) an object that held prisoners publicly in medieval times, while citizens chucked tomatoes at them
Term
Paradox
Definition
(n.) a statement that contradicts itself to obtain ideas at a deeper level
Term
Pun
Definition
(n.) a play on words similar in sound but different in meaning
Term
Eccleria
Definition
(n.?) the female personification of the church
Term
Elegy
Definition
(n.) a mournful melancholy, or plaintive poem especially a funeral song
Term
Conceit
Definition
(n.) an extended metaphor using complex logic
Term
Vigilante
Definition
(n.) any person who takes the law into his or her own hands, as by avenging a crime
Term
Austerity
Definition
(n.)
1. strict economy
2. quality; severity of manner, life
Term
Monolithic
Definition
(adj.) solid or unbroken
Term
Marxist
Definition
(n.)a person who supports Karl Marx's theory in which class struggle is a central element in the analysis of social change in Western societies, opposing capitialism
Term
Conflagration
Definition
(n.) a destructive fire, usually an extensive one
Term
Eloquent
Definition
(adj.) having or exercising the power of fluent, forceful, and appropriate speech
Term
Auspicious
Definition
(adj.) promising success
Term
Harbinger
Definition
(n.) anything that foreshadows a future event; omen; sign
Term
Impervious
Definition
(adj.) not permitting penetration or passage; impenetrable
Term
Cognitive
Definition
(adj.) of or pertaining to the mental processes of perception, memory, judgment, and reasoning, as contrasted with emotional and volitional processes.
Term
Stagnant
Definition
(adj.) characterized by lack of development, advancement, or progressive movement
Term
Inoculated
Definition
(v.) to affect or treat
Term
Pensions
Definition
(n.) a fixed amount, other than wages, paid at regular intervals to a person or to the person's surviving dependents in consideration of past services, age, merit, poverty, injury or loss sustained
Term
Injudiciously
Definition
(adj.) showing lack of judgment; unwise; imprudent; indiscreet
Term
Aversion
Definition
(v.) avoidance
Term
Repugnant
Definition
(adj.) disguisting
Term
Appease
Definition
(v.) to bring to a state of peace, quiet, ease, calm, or contentment
Term
Evocative
Definition
(adj.) tending to call up or produce
Term
Impotent
Definition
(adj.) Lacking power or ability
Term
Culpability
Definition
(n.)guilt or blame that is deserved
Term
Diction
Definition
analysis of word choice
Term
Sentence structure (2)
Definition
the arrangement of the words to form meaning that considers length and patterns
Term
Treatment of Subject Matter (5)
Definition
includes Point of view, Tone, Irony, Mood, and support of main idea
Term
Alliteration
Definition
2 or more stressed Silly-bills
Term
Assonance
Definition
same vowel sounds, different consanants
Term
Onomatopoeia
Definition
words that imitate sound
Term
Oxymoron
Definition
self-contradictory word or phrase
Term
Allusion
Definition
passing casual reference
Term
Synedoche
Definition
part is used for the whole or whole is used for the part
Term
Metonymy
Definition
Uses name of object in place of another
Term
Enjambment
Definition
running of thought from one line to another without break
Term
2 Ways to Characterize Diction
Definition
1. Monosyllabic
2. Polysyllabic
Term
pretentious
Definition
(adj.)characterized by importance
Term
Idiomatic
Definition
(adj.) having distinct style
Term
Esoteric
Definition
(adj.) belonging to select
Term
abstruse
Definition
(adj.) hard to understand
Term
insipid
Definition
(adj.) bland
Term
trite
Definition
(adj.) unoriginal
Term
Logos
Definition
appeals to logic
Term
ethos
Definition
offers speaker's crediblity
Term
pathos
Definition
appeals to audiences feelings
Term
Functional Sentence Patterns (4)
Definition
Declarative, Imperative, Interrogative, and Exclamatory
Term
Grammatical Sentence Patterns (4)
Definition
Simple, compound,complex, and compound complex
Term
Rhetorical Sentence Patterns (3)
Definition
Loose (main idea then information)
Periodic (main idea at end)
Balanced (phrases and clauses balance each other in structure and length)
Term
Basic Rhetorical Techniques (5)
Definition
Antithesis, Juxtaposition, Parallelism,Repetition, Rhetorical Questions
Term
Anaphora
Definition
Repetition of same word/ phrases at the beginning of successive clauses
Term
Asyndeton
Definition
deliberate omission of related clauses
Term
Chiasmus
Definition
Arrangement of ideas is reversed in the second half of statement
Term
Epistrophe
Definition
repeating the same words after successive clauses or phrases
Term
Polysyndeton
Definition
deliberate use of many conjunctions
Term
Zeugma
Definition
The use of a verb that has two different meanings with two different objects
Term
Sentence Patterns (3)
Definition
Basic (S-V-C)
Inversion (V-S0
Sentence openers
Term
Tone (4)
Definition
effected by diction, imagery, punctuation, rhythm
Term
Rhetoric
Definition
art that humans use to process all messages we send and receive
Term
The writer and the reader both use.. (3)
Definition
personal eperience, reading, and observations
Term
Rhetor
Definition
a speaker or writer. An ancient Greek term that encompasses both readers and writers persuading the other, both of whom act on good morals
Term
Intermit
Definition
(v.) to discontinue temporarily; suspend.
Term
Promontory
Definition
(n.) a high point of land or rock projecting into the sea or other water beyond the line of coast
Term
Covetousness
Definition
(adj.) inordinately or wrongly desirous of wealth or possessions; greedy.
Term
defray
Definition
meet his expenses
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