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| begins with main idea, folowed by phrases and clauses that elaborate upon the main idea. |
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| main idea comes at the end |
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| juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, often parallel structure |
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| subject comes before verb |
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| verb comes before subject |
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| subordinate clauses in the middle with dashes/commas around it |
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| one independent clause, no dependent clauses |
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| two or more independent clauses, no dependent clauses |
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| independent clause and one or more dependent clauses |
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| compound-complex sentence |
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| two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause |
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| has subject and predicate |
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| inversion of the natural or usual word order |
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| insertion of some verbal unit in a position that interrupts normal syntactical flow of a sentence. Set off by parenthesses, commas, or dashes. |
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| placing side by side two coordinate elements, where second acts as explanation or modification of the first. |
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| deliberate omission of word(s) which are readily implied by the context. |
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| deliberate omission of conjunctions between a series of related clauses. EX: "I came, I saw, I conquered" |
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| repetition of initial consonants |
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| repetition of similar vowel sounds. EX: Nate ate the cake very late. |
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| repetition of the same word or groups of words at the beginning of successive clauses. Ex: We shall fight...we shall fight...we shall fight. |
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| repetition of same word(s) at the ends of successive clauses |
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| repetition of the last word of one clase at the beginning of the following clause |
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| repetition of words, in successive clauses, in reverse grammatical order. |
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| repetition of words derived from the same root. |
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| when part stands for the whole |
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| substitutiion of some attributive or suggestive word for what is actually meant. |
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| repetition of a word in two different senses. |
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| deliberate use of understatement, a kind of irony by denial of its opposites |
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| words that represent sounds |
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| addresses an absent or imaginary person or personified abstraction. |
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| slang or informality in speech or writing. |
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| primary aim of teaching or instructing, especially moral or ethical principles |
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| more agreeable or less offensive substitute for generally unpleasant words or concepts. EX: Custodian instead of janitor |
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| used to produe figurative language, including apostrophe, hyperbole, irony, metaphor, metonymy, oxymoron, paradox, personification, simile, synechdoche, and understatement |
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| any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice |
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| an emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language |
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| placing dissimilar items side by side for comparison or contrast |
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| adjective dscribing something that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish |
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| a deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises. First one called "major" and second called "minor". Major premise, minor premise, conclusion. |
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