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| sympathy writing or speech that appeal to one's softer emotional side. pity, compassion, concern and empathy |
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| credibility- the source of the writing or speech is considered for reliability |
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| logic writing or speech that appeals to one's logic |
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| if "A" happens, then through a series of small steps, "Z" will eventually happen |
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| a hurried conclusion based on insufficient or biased information |
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| restates the argument rather than actually proving it |
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| emotional appeal that speaks to the positive ideas (like Patriotism, religon) or negative ideas (terrorism, fascism) rather than the real issue at hand |
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| an attack on the character of a person rather than their opinion or arugment |
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| a diversionary tactic to avoid the key issues |
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| a conclusion based on an argument that the origins of a person/idea/institute/theory determine its worth |
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| Post hoc ergo propter hoc |
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| a conclusion that assumes that if "A" occured after "B", then "B" must have directly caused "A" |
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| a concluson that oversimplifies the argument by reducing it to only two sides or choices |
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| a question that is not answered by the writer or speaker because its answer is obvious or obviously desired and usually just a yes or no |
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| writing/speaking strategy that compares 2 things, which are alike in several respects, for te purpose of explaining/clarifying an unfamiliar object by comparing it with a familiar one |
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| parts of a sentece or several sentences are expressed similarly to show that the ideas are equal in importance |
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| exaggeration for emphasis or effect |
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| underemphasizing to be tactful, modest, or to create humorous or dramatic effect |
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| indirect, kinder, and less harsh or hurtful than more direct or blunt language |
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| writing that exposes and coments on human failing to ridicule them with the purpose of causing a change or improvement in humant behavior/society |
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| wrinting that is harsh/bitter in its criticism |
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| writing that is more gentle and amused in its criticism |
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| when events end up the opposite of what is expected |
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| facts or circumstances are known to the reader/audience but not the the characters |
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| what the writer/speaker says is actually the opposite of what is meant |
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