Term
| Contemporary psychology refers to the study of: |
|
Definition
| behavior and mental processes |
|
|
Term
| The ideas of Francis Bacon provided an impetus for what came to be known as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who used the method of introspection to scientifically identify basic elements of mind? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| William James was a prominent American: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Willhelm Wundt's laboratory work involved experimental studies of: |
|
Definition
| reactions to sensory stimulation |
|
|
Term
| Jamille performs better on foreign language vocabulary tests if she studies the material 15 minutes every day for 8 days than if she crams for 2 hours the night before the test. This illustrates what is known as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The next-in-line effect best illustrates: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The serial position effect best illustrates importance of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The process by which information if encoded by its meaning is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In order to remember the information in her psychology textbook, Susan often relates it to her own life experiences. Susan's strategy is an effective memory aid because it facilitates: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The first psychological laboratory was established by: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As an aid to memorizing lengthy speeches, Greek orators would visualize themselves moving through familiar locations. They were making use of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The process encoding refers to: |
|
Definition
| getting information into memory |
|
|
Term
| A flashbulb memory would typically be stored in______ memory. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The process of getting information into memory is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After looking up his friend's phone number, Alex was able to remember it only long enough to dial it correctly. In this case, the telephone number was clearly stored in ___________ memory. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Automatic processing and effortful processing involve two types of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A dog's salivation at the sight of a food dish is a: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In classical conditioning, the _________ signals the impending occurrence of the _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In Pavlov's original experiment with dogs, the meat served as an: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Learning is best defined as: |
|
Definition
| a relatively permanent change in the behavior of an organism due to experience |
|
|
Term
| As a child, you were playing in the yard one day when a neighbor's cat wandered over. Your mother (who has a terrible fear of animals) screamed and snatched you into her arms. Her behavior caused you to cry. You now have a fear of cats. Identify the CR. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During extinction, the _______ is omitted; as a result, the ________ seems to disappear. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In Pavlov's studies of classical conditioning of a dog's salivary responses, spontaneous recovery occurred: |
|
Definition
| when the CS was reintroduced following extinction of the CR and a rest period |
|
|
Term
| As a child, you were playing in the yard when a neighbor's cat wandered over. Your mother (who has a terrible fear of animals) screamed and snatched you into her arms. Her behavior caused you to cry. You now have a fear of cats. Identify the UR. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| B. F. Skinner's work elaborated what E L. Thorndike had called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chamber containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a reward |
|
|
Term
| In order to quickly teach a dog to roll over on command, you would be best advised to use: |
|
Definition
| immediate reinforcers rather than delayed reinforcers |
|
|
Term
| The psychologist most closely associated with the study of operant conditioning was: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Receiving delicious food is to escaping electric shock as ______ is to __________: |
|
Definition
| positive reinforcer; negative reinforcer |
|
|
Term
| A trainer wants to train a chicken to peck a key to obtain food. If she wants the chicken to learn this trick quickly and the behavior to be resistant to extinction, she should use ______ reinforcement until the response if mastered and then follow with a period of ________ reinforcement. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some psychologists believe that rats develop mental representations of mazes they have explored. These representations have been called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A learned association between a response and a stimulus is to ______ as a learned association between two stimuli is to _________. |
|
Definition
| operant condition; classical conditioning |
|
|
