Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
geographic approach that emphasizes
human-environment relationships. |
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Term
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Definition
the fashioning of a natural landscape by
a cultural group. |
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Term
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Definition
the rapid, widespread diffusion of a
feature or trend throughout a population. |
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Term
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Definition
| the diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin. |
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Term
| geographic information system. [gis] |
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Definition
a computer system
that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data. |
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Term
| global positioning system. [gps] |
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Definition
a system that determines
the precise position of something on earth through a series of
satellites, tracking stations, and receivers. |
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Term
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Definition
| the system used to transfer locations from earth’s surface to a flat map. |
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Term
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Definition
| the acquisition of data about earth’s surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or other long-distance methods. |
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Definition
| an area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity. |
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Term
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Definition
| an area in which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics. |
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Term
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Definition
| an area organized around a node or focal point. |
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Term
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Definition
the spread of a feature or trend among
people from one area to another in a snowballing process. |
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Term
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Definition
| a model that holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service. |
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Term
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Definition
| the spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places. |
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Term
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Definition
an arc that for the most part follows
180° longitude, although it deviates in several places to avoid dividing land areas. When you cross the international date line heading east (toward america), the clock moves back 24 hours,or one entire day. When you go west (toward asia), the calendar moves ahead one day. |
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Term
| greenwich mean time. [gmt] |
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Definition
the time in that time zone
encompassing the prime meridian, or 0° longitude. |
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Term
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Definition
the numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance north and
south of the equator (0°). |
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Term
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Definition
| the numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distance east and west of the prime meridian (0°). |
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Term
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Definition
| an arc drawn on a map between the north and south poles. |
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Term
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Definition
| a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians. |
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Term
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Definition
| the meridian, designated as 0° longitude, that passes through the royal observatory at greenwich, england. |
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Term
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Definition
| the spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another. |
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Term
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Definition
| generally, the relationship between the portion of earth being studied and earth as a whole; specifically, the relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on earth’s surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| the physical character of a place. |
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Term
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Definition
| the location of a place relative to other places. |
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Term
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Definition
the spread of an underlying principle,
even though a specific characteristic is rejected. |
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Term
| environmental determinism. |
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Definition
a nineteenth- and early
twentieth-century approach to the study of geography that
argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could
be found in the physical sciences. geography was therefore the
study of how the physical environment caused human activities. |
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Term
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Definition
| the theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions but that people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives. |
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Term
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Definition
an area delineated by the u.s. bureau of the census for which statistics are published; in urbanized areas,
census tracts correspond roughly to neighborhoods. |
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Term
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Definition
migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously
migrated there. |
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Term
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Definition
the total number of live births in a
year for every 1,000 people alive in the society. |
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Term
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Definition
the total number of deaths in a year
for every 1,000 people alive in the society. |
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Term
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Definition
the process of change in a society’s
population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth
and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population. |
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Term
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Definition
| the scientific study of population characteristics. |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of people under the age of 15 and over age 64, compared to the number of people active in the labor force. |
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Term
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Definition
the number of years needed to double a
population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase. |
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Term
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Definition
| migration from a location. |
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Term
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Definition
permanent movement compelled usually
by cultural factors. |
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Term
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Definition
| migration to a new location. |
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Term
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Definition
the total number of deaths in a year
among infants under 1 year old for every 1,000 live births in a society. |
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Term
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Definition
permanent movement within a particular
country. |
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Term
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Definition
an environmental or cultural feature of
the landscape that hinders migration. |
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Term
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Definition
the average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and
medical conditions. life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live. |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of relocation diffusion involving a permanent move to a new location. |
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Term
| natural increase rate. [nir] |
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Definition
the percentage growth of a
population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate. |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of people in an area exceeding the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living. |
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Term
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Definition
the number of people per unit of
area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture. |
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Term
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Definition
| a bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex. |
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Term
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Definition
| a factor that induces people to move to a new location. |
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Term
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Definition
a factor that induces people to leave old
residences. |
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Term
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Definition
people who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or
political opinion. |
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Term
| total fertility rate. [tfr] |
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Definition
the average number of children a
woman will have throughout her childbearing years. |
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Term
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Definition
| permanent movement undertaken by choice. |
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Term
| zero population growth. [zpg] |
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Definition
a decline of the total fertility
rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero. |
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Term
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Definition
the ratio of the number of farmers
to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture. |
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Term
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Definition
| large-scale emigration by talented people. |
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Term
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Definition
| the portion of Earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement. |
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Term
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Definition
workers who migrate to the more developed countries of northern and western europe, usually from
southern and eastern europe or from north africa, in search of
higher-paying jobs. |
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Term
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Definition
| permanent movement from one region of a country to another. |
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Term
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Definition
| permanent movement within one region of a country. |
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Term
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Definition
| medical technology invented in europe and north america that is diffused to the poorer countries of latin america, asia, and africa. improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries and enabled more people to live longer and healthier lives. |
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Term
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Definition
| disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population. |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of males per 100 females in the population. |
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Term
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Definition
| the seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures. |
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Term
| epidemiological transition. |
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Definition
distinctive causes of death in each
stage of the demographic transition. |
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Term
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Definition
a change in the migration pattern in a
society that results from industrialization, population growth,
and other social and economic changes that also produce the demographic transition. |
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Term
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Definition
| the body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people. |
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Term
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Definition
| the frequent repetition of an act, to the extent that it becomes characteristic of the group of people performing the act. |
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Term
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Definition
geographic approach that emphasizes
human-environment relationships. |
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Term
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Definition
a language that results from
the mixing of a colonizer’s language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated. |
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Term
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Definition
| a regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation. |
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Term
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Definition
| a boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate. |
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Term
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Definition
| a collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor that existed long before recorded history. |
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Term
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Definition
a collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and
display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary. |
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Term
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Definition
a language mutually understood and
commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages. |
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Term
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Definition
the language adopted for use by the
government for the conduct of business and publication of documents. |
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Term
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Definition
| the name given to a portion of Earth’s surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| the form of a language used for official government business, education, and mass communications. |
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Term
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Definition
belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a
discrete spirit and conscious life. |
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Term
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Definition
| a division of a branch that unites a number of local religious congregations in a single legal and administrative body. |
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Term
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Definition
| a religion with a relatively concentrated spatial distribution whose principles are likely to be based on the physical characteristics of the particular location in which its adherents are concentrated. |
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Term
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Definition
the literal interpretation and strict
adherence to basic principles of a religion (or a religious branch,
denomination, or sect). |
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Term
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Definition
an individual who helps to diffuse a
universalizing religion. |
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Term
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Definition
| the doctrine or belief of the existence of only one god. |
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Term
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Definition
| a journey for religious purposes to a place considered sacred. |
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Term
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Definition
| belief in or worship of more than one god. |
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Term
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Definition
a religion that attempts to appeal to
all people, not just those living in a particular location. |
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Term
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Definition
| a relatively small group that has broken away from an established denomination. |
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Term
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Definition
| a follower of a polytheistic religion in ancient times. |
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