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| caused or produced by humans |
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| the production of maps, including construction of projections, design, compilation, drafting, and reproduction |
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| the study of human adaption to social and physical environments |
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| defined as the human-modified environment, including fields, houses, churches, highways, planted forests, and mines, as well as weeds and pollution. |
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| seeks to integrate various fields of academic study to understand the Earth as a system |
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| the branch of geography that describes the spatial aspects of interactions between humans and the natural world |
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| Greek mathematician and astronomer who estimated the circumference of the earth and the distances to the Moon and sun |
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| A crescent-shaped area of fertile land in the Middle East that extends from the eastern Mediterranean coast through the valley of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers to the Persian Gulf |
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| Geographical Information Systems |
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| any system that captures, stores, analyzes, manages, and presents data that are linked to location |
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| Global Positioning System |
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| a navigational system involving satellites and computers that can determine the latitude and longitude of a receiver on Earth |
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| pertaining to or involving the study or explication of individual cases or events |
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| considered by some to be America's first environmentalist |
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| A landscape that has not been modified by people or is dominated by natural processes and native plants and animals |
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| Of or relating to the study or discovery of general scientific laws |
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| said that geographers had exhibited broad enough consistency such that there were four traditions of geography |
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| the study of physical features of the earth's surface |
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| proposed a geocentric system of astronomy that was undisputed until the late Renaissance |
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| Data collected as descriptive information |
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| was geography's attempt to redefine itself as a science |
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| An area or division, esp. part of a country or the world having definable characteristics but not always fixed boundaries |
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| a study of regions throughout the world in order to understand or define the unique characteristics of a particular region |
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| The scanning of the earth by satellite or high-flying aircraft in order to obtain information about it |
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| led the Berkeley school of cultural geography |
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| essential character and spirit of an area |
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| seeking to understand the changing spatial organization and material character of Earth's surface |
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| able to continue over a period of time |
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| concerned with individual physical and cultural elements of the earth |
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| a layer in which the graphical characteristics for each feature in the layer are determined by the values of response variables in an associated attribute data set |
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| Exact measurement of the physical space between two places |
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| Approximate measurement of the physical space between two places |
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| Position on earth using latitude and longitude |
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| Position on earth using nearby areas |
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| how easy something can be reached |
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| 1.A map projection in which a region of the earth is projected onto a plane tangential to the surface, typically at a pole or the equator |
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| The moment of greatest strain at which someone or something gives way |
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| A type of thematic map in which the areas of spatial features are distorted in proportion to the value of an attribute |
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| a map that uses graded differences in shading or color or the placing of symbols inside defined areas on the map in order to indicate the average values of some property or quantity in those areas |
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| A mental representation of one's physical environment |
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| a relation between two opposite states or principles that together exhaust the possibilities |
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| the property of being connected or the degree to which something has connections |
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| The rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population |
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| a system that uses coordinates to establish position |
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| The distance decay effect states that the interaction between two locales declines as the distance between them increases |
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| A map type that uses a dot symbol to show the presence of a feature, relying on a visual scatter to show spatial pattern |
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| the spread of an innovation or an idea through a population in an area |
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| the larger the distance the more difficult it is, or less likely, for people to communicate |
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| a projection of a world map onto the surface of a polyhedron, which can then be unfolded to a net in many different ways and flattened to form a two-dimensional map which retains most of the relative proportional integrity of the globe map |
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| complex three-dimensional figure used as a basis for extremely precise surveys of positions on the surface of the Earth |
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| a formula to calculate the likely interaction between two places given their distance apart, size and barriers (or lack of connectivity) between them |
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| The spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places |
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| is a generally north-south imaginary line on the surface of the Earth, passing through the middle of the Pacific Ocean, where the date changes as a ship or airplane travels east or west across it |
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| Intervening opportunities |
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| The existence of a closer, less expensive opportunity for obtaining a good or service, or for a migration destination |
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| In line on a map connecting points at which the values within the data being mapped are equal |
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| Implies a map or photo showing a high amount of detail but a small area |
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| The angle of a location on the earth's surface usually expressed in degrees east or west of the Greenwich Meridian |
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| the angular distance between an imaginary line around a heavenly body parallel to its equator and the equator itself |
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| Law of retail gravitation |
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| says that people in a larger city will travel farther to shop than people in a smaller city |
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| charts that show location |
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| different ways maps are projected |
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| a map projection of the earth onto a cylinder; areas appear greater the farther they are from the equator |
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| A circle of constant longitude passing through a given place on the earth's surface and the terrestrial poles |
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| A planet's meridian adopted as the zero of longitude |
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| A corresponding line on a map |
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| A map used for evaluating an opportunity |
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| symbols are scaled proportionally to their value and placed next to their corresponding geography |
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| A graphic display which shows the geographic distribution of many different attributes |
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| The spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another |
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| The degree of detail visible in a photographic or television image |
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| this representation reflects the spherical appearance of Earth |
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| A rule determining the distances between such marks |
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| An area of ground on which a town, building, or monument is constructed |
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| The location and surroundings of a place |
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| cover large areas in less detail |
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| The distribution of ideas, products, culture, technology, innovation, languages and so on across space to other people |
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| a type of map or chart especially designed to show a particular theme connected with a specific geographic area |
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| The process, made possible by technological innovations in transportation and communication, by which distant places are brought closer together in terms of the time taken to travel |
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| is a type of map characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative representation of relief |
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| a map that accurately represents the spatial ordering |
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| the quality of being transferable or exchangeable |
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| form a mental picture of something that is invisible or abstract |
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