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| the state of being subject only to laws established for the good of the community, esp. with regard to freedom of action and speech. |
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| the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality. |
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| The wording of the writ of habeas corpus implies that the prisoner is brought to the court for the legality of the imprisonment to be examined. |
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| the clause in the First Amendment of the US Constitution that prohibits the establishment of religion by Congress. |
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| a law that prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial. |
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| the prosecution of a person twice for the same offense. |
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| The fighting words doctrine, in United States constitutional law, is a limitation to freedom of speech as protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. In 1942, the U.S. Supreme Court established the doctrine by a 9-0 decision in Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire. |
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| incorporation of 14th amendment |
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| the practice of exchanging favors, esp. in politics by reciprocal voting for each other's proposed legislation |
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| a formal charge or accusation of a serious crime. |
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| Judicial federalism is the process of assigning power between federal courts and state courts in the United States judiciary |
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| defamation by written or printed words, pictures, or in any form other than by spoken words or gestures. The law of libeloriginated in the 17th century in England. |
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| Due process has also been frequently interpreted as limiting laws and legal proceedings (see substantive due process), so that judges—instead of legislators—may define and guarantee fundamental fairness, justice, and liberty. |
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| A rule of order having the force of law, prescribed by a superior or competent authority, relating to the actions of those under the authority's control. Regulations are issued by various federal government departments and agencies to carry out the intent of legislation enacted by Congress |
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| A lack or impairment in mental or physical functioning. deficit definition. A shortage, especially the amount by which a sum of money falls short of what is required; a debt. |
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| the total amount of money that a country's government has borrowed, by various means. |
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| The total of goods and services produced by a country |
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| an action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination, esp. in relation to employment or education; positive discrimination. |
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| the theory or practice of controlling the supply of money as the chief method of stabilizing the economy. |
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| The Brandeis Brief was a pioneering legal brief that was the first in United States legal history to rely more on a compilation of scientific information and social science than on legal citations. |
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| the economic policies of the former US president Ronald Reagan, associated esp. with the reduction of taxes and the promotion of unrestricted free-market activity. |
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| De jure segregation is separation enforced by law, while de factosegregation occurs when widespread individual preferences, sometimes backed up with private pressure, lead to separation. |
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| short for Federal Reserve |
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| In economics and political science, fiscal policy is the use of government revenue collection (taxation) and expenditure (spending) to influence the economy. The two main instruments of fiscal policy are changes in the level and composition of taxation and government spending in various sectors. |
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| Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), is a landmark United States Supreme Court decision in the jurisprudence of the United States, upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal". |
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| Brown v Board of education |
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| Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional. |
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| nationalization of the Bill Rights |
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| A continuing resolution is a type of appropriations legislation. An appropriations bill is a bill that appropriates (gives to, sets aside for) money to specific federal government departments, agencies, and programs. |
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| Women's suffrage is the right of women to vote on the same terms as men. This was the goal of the suffragists and the suffragettes. Limited voting rights were gained by some women in Sweden, Britain, and some western U.S. states in the 1860s. |
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| Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a federal law that prohibits discrimination in employment on the basis of sex, race, color, national origin, and religion. |
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| Title IX civil rights act |
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| The federal law prohibiting sex discrimination in educational institutions is Title IX of the Educational Amendments Act of 1972 |
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