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protect sovereignty, defend the people, bill of rights
composed of the formal and informal institutions, people, and processes used to create and conduct public policy |
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| king or queen, through inheritance, no restrictions |
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ruled by few
theocracy - religious |
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| military coup trying to overthrow |
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| a leader controls every aspect of gov, propaganda |
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| people vote and pick president |
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| do not elect leader directly - elected by political party that won |
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| central gov has complete control over law (no lower courts, ex. china) |
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| subdivision over local laws (national/state/local) |
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| loose alliance between states (articles of confederation, the UN) |
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middle of capitalism and communism
land, labor, capital, management |
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| country that controls everything |
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| government controlled and operated |
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| the people are the source of government authority |
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| power is separated into executive, legislative, and judicial |
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| 3 branches work together while restraining the other 2 |
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supreme court strikes declares things unconstitutional
maybury v madison |
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opening paragraph to constitution
six goals of american gov
why constitution was written |
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| elastic clause / necessary and proper clause |
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| stretches the powers of congress to do what is right for the country's protection |
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proposed - 2/3 vote of each house or 2/3 state legislature national convention
ratified - 3/4 state legislature or 3/4 of he states by special conventions |
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| establishes the U.S. Constitution, Federal Statutes, and U.S. Treaties as "the supreme law of the land." |
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| expressed, or enumerated powers, those specifically given to the national government |
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| although not expressed, powers that may be reasonably inferred from the constitution |
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| powers that belong to both the national and state governments |
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| for the states, neither denied to the states or given to congress |
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| very specific, written down in article 1 section 8 and article 2 section 2 and 3 |
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| if not given to the national gov, its given to the states, if not given to national gov or states, its for the people |
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rule by the people
direct - citizens meet and make decions about public policy
representative - citizens choose officials who make decisions about public policy |
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435 members
2 year term
25 years old, citizen 7 years, must live in state where district is located |
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100 members
6 year term, staggered 1/3 elected every 2 years
30 years old, citizen 9 years, must live in state |
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| already holding office, has advantages |
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| presiding officer and most powerful member of the house |
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| the redistribution of congressional seats after the census determines changes in population distribution among the states |
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| drawing congressional districts to favor one political party over another |
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| every 10 years counts the population |
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Committee system:
standing committee
select/special committee
joint committee
conference committee |
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Definition
standing committee - permanent, specific committee
select/special committee - a temporary committee
joint committee - made up of members of both house and senate
conference committee - temporary, created to resolve differences in house and senate
rules committee in house determines terms for debate |
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| freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition |
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| ensues right to keep and bear arms |
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| sets conditions fo quartering troops in private homes |
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regulates search, seizure, and warrants
exclusionary rule
mapp v ohio, nj v tlo |
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| protections against self-incrimination, guarantees of due process, eminent domain, and grand jury |
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| guarantees rights to a speedy, public trial, impartial jury, confront witness, and to have an attorney |
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| No excessive bail or fines, no cruel and unusual punishment |
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unenumerates rights of the people
freedom of privacy |
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| Guarantees rights of citizenship, due process, and equal protection for everyone |
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| Guarantees citizen's right to vote regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude |
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| direct election of senators by popular vote |
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| address congressional pay |
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| 5th/6th - read miranda rights |
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| 9th - marital privacy, contraceptives ok |
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| 9th - abortion is ok in 1st and 2nd trimester |
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| 4th - illegal search and seizures, starts exclusionary rule |
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| free exercise/establishment clause - established lemon test to see if religious schools could get funds |
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| freedom of speech - armbands, kids could wear em |
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| regents of u. of cal v bakke |
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| affirmative action - needed to fill a quota, a guy definitely qualified didnt get in. supreme court didnt go against affirmative action but made them let him in |
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| 4th amendment smoking girl thing |
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| freedom of speech - flag burning |
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| 8th - death penalty illegal |
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| 6th - unfair media coverage and the jury wasnt impartial |
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| brown v board of education |
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| overturns plessy v. Ferguson, the facilities were separate but not equal |
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| all de jure segregation ok, separate but equal |
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| equal pay for equal men and women |
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| 5th - no self incrimination |
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35 years old
resident 14 years
natural born citizen |
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| court should play an active role in determining national polices, advocates applying the constitution to political and social constitution |
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