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| State power to enact laws promoting health, safety and morals. |
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| Procedure enabling voters to reject a measure passed by legislature. About 1/2 the states permit this procedure. |
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| Procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from the office. In effect in over 20 states. Procedure: if enough signatures are gathered on a petition, the official must go before voters, who can vote to leave the person inoffice or remove him. |
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| The effort to transer responsibility for many public programs and services from the federal government to the states. |
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| Block Grants (Sometimes called "Special revenue sharing" or "broad based aid") ch.3//p.49 |
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| Money from the national government that states can spend within broad guidelines determined by Washington. (a part of devolution) |
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| "Necessary and Proper" Clause ch.3//p.56 |
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| Section of the Constitution allowing Congress to pass all laws "necessary and proper" to its duties, and which has permitted Congress to exercise powers not specifically given to it (enumerated) by the Consitution. |
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| Dual Federalism ch.3//p.57 |
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| Doctrine holding that the national government is supreme in its sphere, that states are supreme in theirs, and the two spheres should be kept seperate. |
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| Process that permits voters to put legislative measures directly on the ballot, by getting enough signature on a petition. About half of the states provide for some sort of legislation by initiative. |
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Money given by national government to the states.
- Dramatically increased in scope during the 20th century.
- Grants were attractive to state officials for various reasons.
- required broad congressional coalitions w/ wide dispersion of funds, because every state had incentive to seek grant $$$.
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| The doctrine that a state can declare null and void a federal law that, in the state's opinion, violates the constitution. This doctrine was determined false by the Supreme Court in the landmark case Texas v. White in 1869. |
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| Conditions of Aid ch.3//p.66 |
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| Terms set by the national government that states must meet if they are to recieve certain federal funds. |
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| Terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not they accept federal grants. Most concern civil rights and enviromental protection. |
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| Revenue Sharing {sometimes called "General Revenue Sharing"} [ch.3//p.63] |
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Federal sharing of a fixed percentage of its revenue with the states.
- Requires no matching funds.
- Can be spent on almost any governmental purpose.
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| Categorical Grants [ch.3 - p.63] |
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Federal grants for specific purposes, such as building and airport.
- Often require local matching funds.
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| Privileges and Immunities Clause |
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| Full Faith and Credit Clause |
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