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| A primary election in which only a party's registered voters are eligible to vote. |
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| An election that signals a party realignment through voter polarization around new issues. |
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| Participation in the primary of a party with which the voter is not affiliated. |
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| Member of the Electoral College chosen by methods determined in each state. |
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| Representatives of each state who cast the final ballots that actually elect a president. |
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| Citizens eligible to vote. |
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| The tendency of states to choose an early date on the primary calendar. |
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| Election in which voters decide which candidates will actually fill elective public offices. |
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| The legislative process through which the majority party in each statehouse tries to assure that the maximum number of representatives from its political party can be elected to Congress through the redrawing of legislative districts. |
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| An election that allows citizens to propose legislation and submit it to the state electorate for popular vote. |
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| A command, indicated by an electorate's votes, for the elected officials to carry out their platforms. |
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| Election that takes place in the middle of a presidential term. |
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| A primary used to select candidates regardless of party affiliation. |
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| A primary in which party members, independents, and sometimes members of the other party are allowed to vote. |
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| A shifting of party coalition groupings in the electorate that remains in place for several elections. |
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| Election in which voters decide which of the candidates within a party will represent the party in the general election. |
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| A voter's evaluation of a candidate based on what he or she pledges to do about an issue if elected. |
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| An organized attempt by voters of one party to influence the primary results of the other party. |
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| An election whereby the state legislature submits proposed legislation to the state's voters for approval. |
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| A proposed systen in which the country would be divided into five or six geographic areas and all states in each region would hold their presidential primary elections on the same day. |
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| A voter's evaluation of the performance of the party in power. |
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| A second primary election between the two candidates receiving the greatest number of votes in the first primary. |
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| The gradual rearrangement of party coalitions, based more on demographic shifts than on shocks to the political system. |
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| Delegate slot to the Democratic Party's national convention that is reserved for an elected party official. |
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| Voting for candidates of different parties for various offices in the same election. |
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| The proportion of the voting-age public that votes. |
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| A traditional party practice under which the majority of a state delegation can force the minority to vote for its candidate. |
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| sells a candidate the technologies, services, and strategies required to get that candidate elected |
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| travels with the candidate and coordinates the many different aspects of the campaign |
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| forum where political candidates face each other to discuss their platforms, records, and character |
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| develops the overall media strategy for the candidate |
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| compares the records and proposals of the candidates with a bias towards the sponsor |
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| supervises a campaign's direct main fundraising strategies |
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| coordinates the campaign's fund-raising efforts |
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| coverage of a candidate's campaign by the news media |
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| General Election Campaign |
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| part of a political campaign aimed at winning a general election |
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| push at end of campaign to encourage supporters to go to the polls |
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| legally specified and limited contributions that are clearly regulated by the Federal Election Campaign Act and by the Federal Election Commission |
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| attempts to counteract an anticipated attackfrom the opposition before the attack is launched |
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| donations to presidential campaigns from the fed. gov't determined by the amount of private funds a qualifying candidate raises |
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| produces candidates' television, radio, and print advertisements |
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| advertising on behalf of a candidate that attacks the opponent's platform or character |
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| part of a political campaign aimed at winning a primary election |
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| political ads purchased for a candidate's campaign |
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| Political Action Committee (PAC) |
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| federally mandated, officially registered fund-raising committee that represents interest groups in the political process |
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| takes public opinion surveys that guide political campaigns |
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| advertising on behalf of a candidate that stresses the candidate's qualifications, family/issue positions, without reference to the opponent |
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| interacts/communicates with journalist on a daily basis |
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| donations from the general tax revenues to the campaigns of qualifying presidential candidates |
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| virtually unregulated money funneled by individuals and political committees through state and local parties |
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| process by which a campaign reaches individual voters(door-to-door solicitation, telephone, etc.) |
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| the universe of media-related measures used in order to win the election |
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| The part of the candidate's campaign that does not involve the candidate directly an focuses on such tings as fund-raising and handing out pamphlets |
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| The part of the candidate's campaign that tries to effectively presents his or her public image |
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| Television advertising occupying a short break during or between programmes. |
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| morality or a standard of righteous behavior in relationship to a citizen's involvement in society |
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| Something of value (money, a tax write-off, prestige, clean air, and so on) that cannot be withheld from a group member. |
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| a political postulation by David Truman that states that interest groups form primarily in opposition to other interest groups so as to counteract influence in their respective political domains |
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| one of the five broad categories of interest groups in the US. These groups advocate for the economic interest and benefits of their members |
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| The problem faced by unions and other groups when people do not join because they can benefit from the group's activities without officially joining. The bigger the group, the more serious the free-rider problem. |
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| An organization of people with shared policy goals entering the policy process at several points to try to achieve those goals. Interest groups pursue their goals in many arenas. |
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| According to Lester Milbrath, a "communication, by someone other than a citizen acting on his own behalf, directed to a governmental decision maker with the hope of influencing his decision." |
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| a person attempting to influence government decisions on behalf of an interest group |
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| a person who gives financial or other support to the party or candidate they support |
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| groups that can collect political donations and make campaign contributions to candidates for office |
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| the goals of an organization that, if attained, would benefit primarily nongroup members |
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| the networks of relationships among people who live and work in a particular society, enabling that society to function effectively. |
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| also known as an industry trade group, business association or sector association, is an organization founded and funded by businesses that operate in a specific industry |
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