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AP Gov Chapter 10
The Judiciary Branch
16
Political Studies
11th Grade
10/22/2013

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Term
activist approach
Definition
approach to judicial review which holds that judges should discover the general principles underlying the Constitution and its often vague language
Term
Amicus curiae
Definition
"friend of the court." Refers to interested groups or individuals, not directly involved in a suit, who may file legal briefs or oral arguments in support of one side.
Term
Appellate jurisdiction
Definition
the scope of authority by which a higher court reviews a case from a lower court
Term
brief
Definition
legal document submitted by lawyers to courts. Sets forth the facts of a case, summarizes any lower court decisions, gives the arguments for the side represented by the lawyer filing the brief, and discusses related cases
Term
bloc-voting
Definition
a pattern of voting behavior of two or more justices
Term
civil law
Definition
rules defining relationships among private citizens
Term
class-action suit
Definition
case brought into count by a person on behalf of not only himself or herself but all other persons in similar circumstances
Term
concurrent opinion
Definition
opinion by one or more justices who agree with majority opinion but for different reasons
Term
Constitutional court
Definition

lower federal courts created by Congress which exercise the jedicial powers delineated in article 3. Judges enjoy two constitutional protections

1. Serve "during good behavior"

2. Salaries may not be reduced while in office

Term
courts of appeal
Definition
federal courts that have the authority to review decisions by federal district courts, regulatory commissions, and certain other federal courts. No original jurisdiction, only hear appeals.
Term
criminal law
Definition
body of rules defining offenses that areĀ  considered to be offenses against society as a whole and for which conviction could result in a prison term.
Term
dissenting opinion
Definition
opinion of the justices of the losing side
Term
district courts
Definition
lowest federal courts where federal cases begin. Only federal courts where trials are held.
Term
diversity case
Definition
jurisdiction conferred by the constitution on federal courts to hear cases involving citizens of different states. Must involve $50,000+ and parties have the option of commencing his suit in state court.
Term
Dred Scott v. Sanford
Definition
a ruling that declared that blacks could not be federal citizens
Term
federal question cases
Definition
jurisdiction conferred by the constitution on federal courts to hear all cases "arising under the Constitution, the laws of the US, and treaties"
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